Facing the Digital Future: Public Service Broadcasters and State Aid Law in the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 159-202
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn F. MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
New Millennium

The European Union is faced with many challenges as the new millennium dawns. These range from highly political issues, such as the challenge of enlargement, to highly technical questions arising in areas such as regulation of anti-competitive behaviour. This article will examine one narrow, but topical, issue falling within the ambit of competition policy—how the rules of the EC Treaty on State aid should be applied in the area of broadcasting as it enters the new “Digital Age”.

Facing the Digital Future: Public Service Broadcasters and State Aid Law in the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 159-202
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn F. MacLennan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
New Millennium

The European Union is faced with many challenges as the new millennium dawns. These range from highly political issues, such as the challenge of enlargement, to highly technical questions arising in areas such as regulation of anti-competitive behaviour. This article will examine one narrow, but topical, issue falling within the ambit of competition policy—how the rules of the EC Treaty on State aid should be applied in the area of broadcasting as it enters the new “Digital Age”.

America, Europe, and the New Trade Order

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Schott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Multilateral Negotiations ◽  
New Millennium

Over the last 60 years, the multilateral management of trade through the GATT and subsequently through the WTO has been led by the United States and Europe. Since the turn of the new millennium, however, developing countries have increasingly used their leverage to insist that talks on agriculture receive priority attention, deny the inclusion of investment and competition policy on the negotiating agenda, and block agreement on negotiating modalities for agriculture and non-agricultural market access (NAMA). Cooperation between the United States and the European Union is still essential, but no longer sufficient, for successful multilateral negotiations. Specifically, the “BRICKs” (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Korea) are likely to be pivotal in directing the course and contributing to the success or failure of the WTO.

scholarly journals Problem pomocy dla małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 310-323
Author(s):  
Janina Pach ◽  
Mieczysława Solińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Common ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Investment Capacity ◽  
Crucial Condition

Small and medium enterprises (SME) play an important role both in Poland and other countries of the European Union. Their contribution both as a percentage of the total number of enterprises, in general employment and in the production of particular products and gross domestic product confirms their importance for economy.The role of SME in Poland would be greater if the indicator of their activity (which is now below 50%) was higher, and the sustainability of SME’s was improved. Moreover, the crucial condition for enlargement of SME’s importance is the improvement of their investment capacity and increasing expenditure on research and development in this sector. About 50% of entrepreneurs fail to make any investments and do not conduct any research that determine national and international competitiveness. There are many reason for this situation, especially financial limitations, which can be supplemented by state aid. However, there are some restrictions on supporting SME’s by government as a result of the Common European Competition Policy. One of its basic rules is prohibition of state aid that deforms and limits competition, which is a base of economic development. In this situation state aid is allowed only on condition that its implementation does not restrict competition. The size and type, conditions and circumstances of state aid and its duration are precisely stipulated by the regulations.

scholarly journals State Aid in the European Union Competition Policy in the Context of the Financial Crisis

Equilibrium ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rutkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Union Competition

The main subject of the paper is the issue of granting state aid discussed from the point of view of the most important changes in the European Union competition policy as a result of the global financial crisis. The author makes a review of state aid related to the financial crisis in the European Community. The article includes a detailed description of reasons for the economic interventions which has been designed and taken by the Member States in the form of various schemes, plans and objectives. The directions of the main changes in the structure of state aid granted to the financial institutions in absolute and relative terms are shown. It was essential to notice the significant European Commission’s role ensuring that large support schemes for the financial sector will be implemented in compliance with the state aid rules and do not create undue distortions of competition. The paper contains numerous legal materials, including primary and secondary legislation, as well as European case law. The author also relied on the literature and articles on the notified state aid connected with the financial services sector and banking crisis.

13. An introduction to EU competition policy and law

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-421
Author(s):  
Nigel Foster
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Competition Policy ◽  
Article 102 Tfeu

This chapter provides an introduction to Competition Policy and law in the European Union (EU). There are three sets of rules: one relating to the activities of legal persons—that is, the business undertakings, which now includes rules on concentrations and mergers; one relating to anti-dumping measures; and, finally, one relating to the activities of the member states, principally state aid. The rules concerned with private undertakings are further subdivided into: Article 101 TFEU for agreements between cartels involving more than one entity; Article 102 TFEU, concerned with dominant positions, dealing predominantly with one entity but also applicable to one or more undertakings; and the rules applicable to concentrations and mergers.

The Google Ireland Case and the Legal Battle over Digital Taxes in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Giulio Allevato ◽  
Fernando Pastor-Merchante
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Preliminary Ruling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Member States ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Legal Battle ◽  
The Way

The preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Google Ireland case turned on the compatibility with the rules on free movement of some of the administrative arrangements put in place by Hungary in order to administer its controversial advertisement tax (namely, the obligation to register and the penalties attached to the failure to comply with that obligation). The preliminary ruling offers some interesting insights on the way in which the Court assesses the compatibility with the freedom to provide services of national administrative arrangements aimed at ensuring the effective collection of taxes. This is a topical issue in the context of the recent efforts made by Member States to tax the digital economy more effectively.

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