Reflectometry—A New Method of Measuring Filler Dispersion

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gerspacher ◽  
L. Nikiel ◽  
H. H. Yang ◽  
C. P. O'Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
New Method ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Rubber Sample ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
Sample Measurement ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract A new method of measuring carbon black dispersion in rubber is presented. This method is based on the measurement of the light reflectivity from the rubber sample using standard equipment used in the evaluation of the tint strength of carbon black (ASTM D3265 procedure). This method can be applied for both uncured and cured samples; however, the uncured sample measurement has significant advantages in the simplicity of the sample preparation and obtaining important filler dispersion information of the compound. It is shown that samples with better dispersed carbon black reflect less light as compared to samples with poor carbon black dispersion.

States of Carbon Black Dispersion and Extensibility of Rubbers

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asahiro Ahagon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effect ◽  
Property Variation ◽  
Agglomerate Size ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Confined Polymer ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract Analysis is made for the origin of the mixing-induced tensile property variation of a filled rubber. Attention is paid to the hydrodynamic effect f(ϕe) of the filler, defined here as the factor to adjust the deviation of 100% modulus from the theory of rubber elasticity. For the rubbers mixed under variety of conditions, the f(ϕe)'s are calculated from the observed values of the modulus, at 25°C and 100°C, and the crosslink density. The variation of the f(ϕe) is considered to be governed by the mobility of the polymer confined in agglomerates of the filler. The mobility variation due to mixing seems to be mainly influenced by agglomerate size at 25°C, and by agglomerate size and chemical constraints at 100°C. Therefore, the f(ϕe)'s at the two temperatures are suggested to be useful measures of the state of carbon-black micro-dispersion. The extensibility of the rubbers is closely related f(ϕe). This indicates that the failure property is also governed by the mobility of the confined polymer.

EFFECT OF CARBON BLACK NATURE ON DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND REINFORCEMENT OF NR VULCANIZATION BY LATEX TECHNIQUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-620
Author(s):  
An Dong ◽  
Zhang Zhiyi ◽  
Jia Haixiang ◽  
Shou Jinquan ◽  
Zhang Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrograph ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
New Process ◽  
Static Mechanical ◽  
Filler Dispersion

ABSTRACT The influence of the structure and size of carbon black on the static mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of filled natural rubber (NR) compounds is investigated in detail. A new process for the production of carbon black master batches with enhanced mechanical properties has been developed. The unit operations in the process are the preparation of carbon black slurry in the presence of a suitable surfactant, addition of the slurry to the fresh NR latex under stirring, coagulation of the mixture by the addition of acid, dewatering of the coagulum, and drying to obtain carbon black–incorporated NR. The competence of the new technique is established by comparing the characteristics of the carbon black–incorporated NR by the mill mixing process (control). The mechanical properties, including tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, and hardness, are superior for the vulcanization prepared by the latex-suspension coagulation techniques. The improvement shown by the vulcanization prepared by the latex-suspension coagulation techniques was attributed to the better filler dispersion evidenced from the scanning electron micrograph along with the attainment of a higher level of vulcanization.

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