Corrections to Kusnetz method for measurements of radon progeny concentrations in air

In 1956, H.L. Kusnetz proposed a quick method for radon progeny concentration measurement in mine atmosphere using a single gross-alpha count of a membrane-filtered air. The method is still widely used today and is based on a number of impractical assumptions. An instantaneous sampling time (less than ten seconds), is one of these assumptions that ignores the build-up and decay of the progeny on the filter paper during the sampling period, which is typically in the order of a few minutes. Of special concern is the 214Bi decay during the sampling period, since 214Po's alphas are lost during the sampling time and cannot be accounted for during the counting time. In addition, the method assumes that 214Bi activity during the counting period is constant. This inaccurate assumption can result in a smaller count rate, especially when counting times are long. Hence, underestimated working levels are expected when using Kusnetz factors without correcting for the sampling and counting times. In this technical report, exact sampling and counting time corrections to the method are provided along with the updated Kusnetz factors that correspond to common equilibrium conditions to correctly estimate the Working Level in air. Additionally, time corrections to the commonly used self-absorption correction formula and the lower level of detectability (LLD) equation used for any sample measurement are given.

SPECIALIZED INLET SYSTEM FOR 13C UREA BREATH TEST USING ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER HELICOMASS

A specialized single channel inlet system has been developed for urea breath tests and scientific studies using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Helicomass. The system consists of sampling needle, manifold with its purification system, the possibility to introduce sample and standard, high vacuum Mamyrin leak valve to inlet the sample to electron ionization ion source, and the purification procedure including series of sequential pumpings out and blowdowns with compressed nitrogen. The system inlets sample up to 4•10–6 Torr in the mass-spectrometer analytical chamber. The measuring precision was 0.1% for 21 measurements, which meets the test requirements. The measuring time was 15 min per sample including the standard measurement, system purification, the sample measurement, and the second purification. The combination of system and Helicomass mass-spectrometer fits requirements for procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori.

Factors associated with public attitudes towards persons with disabilities: a systematic review

Objective The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically. Methods An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and the lists of citations were screened for potential eligible studies. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers. Results The initial electronic search yielded 995 articles after duplicates removed, and 27 studies met the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more likely they were to have positive attitude; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities. Conclusion People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with individuals with disabilities are the main influential factors in public attitudes towards persons with disabilities.

Differential characterization of stress sensitivity and its main control mechanism in deep pore-fracture clastic reservoirs

Stress sensitivity in reservoirs is critical during the exploitation of oil and gas fields. As a deep clastic reservoir under strong tectonic compression, the Ahe Formation in the northern tectonic zone of the Kuqa depression exhibited strong stress sensitivity effect. However, the conventional evaluation method by using permeability damage rate as a constraint restricts the mechanistic understanding of the strong stress sensitivity effect. In this study, morphology of stress sensitivity test curve, coupled with rate change of permeability and extent of irreversible damage in actual sample measurement through micro-CT in-situ scanning, is used to characterize differentially. The strong stress sensitivity effects of the studied intervals can be divided into three types: (1) rapid change in permeability–weak irreversible damage, (2) moderate change in permeability–strong irreversible damage and (3) moderate change in permeability–moderate irreversible damage. The strong stress sensitivity is caused by the micro-pores and micro-fractures, which are widely developed in the studied reservoir. The mechanisms caused by the two types of pore are different. The stress sensitivity effects in micro-fracture-rich reservoirs are characterized by rapid change in permeability and weak irreversible damage. Meanwhile, the stress sensitivity effects in micro-pore-rich reservoirs are manifested as moderate change in permeability and strong irreversible damage. The study shows that the differences in the content of micro-pores and micro-fractures and their reverse mechanisms of stress sensitivity co-create different types of stress sensitivity within the samples. Accordingly, the differences of the stress sensitivity type in macroscopic samples are caused by the competition between the microscopic differences of pore types.

PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN PELAYANAN FISKUS TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DI KPP PRATAMA TASIKMALAYA

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kesadaran wajib pajak, pelayanan fiskus mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan asosiatif dengan pendekatan survei. Pengukuran Sampel menggunakan insidental sampling, jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 101 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Variabel kesadaran wajib pajak secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya. Variabel pelayanan fiskus secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya dan secara simultan kesadaran wajib pajak dan pelayanan fiskus berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak orang pribadi di KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya. Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pelayanan Fiskus Dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi ABSTRACT.The purpose of this research is to find out whether taxpayer awareness, fission services have a significant influence on Personal Person Taxpayer Compliance both partially and simultaneously. This research was conducted at the Office of Tax Service Pratama Tasikmalaya. The method used in this study is a descriptive and associative analysis method with a survey approach. Sample Measurement using incidental sampling, the number of samples taken as many as 101 respondents. The data collection technique in this study is to spread questionnaires. Analysis techniques use Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the results of the study it is known that the variable of taxpayer awareness has no significant effect on the taxpayer compliance of private persons in KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya. Fiskus service variables partially affect the taxpayer compliance of private persons in KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya and simultaneously taxpayer awareness and fiskus services have a significant impact on the taxpayer compliance of private persons in KPP Pratama Tasikmalaya. Keywords: Taxpayer Awareness, Fissist Services And Personal Taxpayer Compliance.

Standard Bacteriophage Purification Procedures Cause Loss in Numbers and Activity

For decades, bacteriophage purification has followed structured protocols focused on generating high concentrations of phage in manageable volumes. As research moves toward understanding complex phage populations, purification needs have shifted to maximize the amount of phage while maintaining diversity and activity. The effects of standard phage purification procedures such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradients on both diversity and activity of a phage population are not known. We have examined the effects of PEG precipitation and CsCl density gradients on a number of known phage (M13, T4, and ΦX 174) of varying structure and size, individually and as mixed sample. Measurement of phage numbers and activity throughout the purification process was performed. We demonstrate that these methods, used routinely to generate “pure” phage samples, are in fact detrimental to retention of phage number and activity; even more so in mixed phage samples. As such, minimal amounts of processing are recommended to introduce less bias and maintain more of a phage population.

Factors Associated with Public Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Objective：The aim of this review is to identify and summarize factors that are associated with public attitudes towards people with various disabilities systematically.Methods: An electronic search of three databases was performed (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane) covering the period from 1950 to present. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and citation lists for potential eligible studies were also screened. Only quantitative studies using valid measurements were included, and the methodological quality of included studies was appraised based on three criteria (sample, measurement, analysis) by two independent reviewers.Results: Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Three categories of the factors were found to be associated with the public attitudes, which are related to the attitude provider, disabled people, and society respectively. Specifically, the more people know about disabilities, the more positive their attitude could be; and the frequency and quality of the contact with the disabled are also proved to be influential to the attitudes. Meanwhile, the type of disability is also closely correlated to the public’s attitude towards the disabilities.Conclusion: People’s knowledge of the disability and their contact with the disabled are the main factors that influence public attitude towards persons with disabilities.

PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN CAPACITY BUILDING TERHADAP KINERJA SEKRETARIAT DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR

This study aims to determine the results of the analysis of the effect of organizational commitment, organizational climate, and capacity building on the performance of the Ogan Komering Ilir Regency DPRD Secretariat. This research uses a confirmative survey method and is verification in nature. The method used is a quantitative method through data collection in the field and direct information from a sample of 71 people. The sample measurement refers to the concept of the Krejcie-Morgan table. The data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. Hypothesis testing through t test and F test using SPSS analysis tools. The results of data processing using SPSS 20, using the t test that t count is 4.075 <t table 2.003 that organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on performance; The organizational climate at the OKI Regency DPRD Secretariat apparently cannot affect the performance with t count 1.588> t table 2.003; Capacity Building affects the performance of the OKI Regency DPRD Secretariat with t count 2.176> t table 2.003. Regression determination jointly influences organizational commitment, organizational climate and capacity building on performance, in OKI Regency only 0.285 or 28.5%. This means that as many as 71.5% are influenced by variations or combinations of other variables outside the research variables. The conclusion of this research is that Organizational Commitment, Organizational Climate and Capacity Building on the Performance of the Regional Representative Council Secretariat of the Ogan Komering Ilir Regency are influential, but to improve the performance of the OKI DPRD Secretariat can be done by increasing the work commitment of employees; in carrying out the workload that is completed according to schedule, through increasing the organizational commitment of the DPRD Secretariat to guard against committing disgraceful acts in order to maintain the morale of the DPRD.