scholarly journals EUTHANASIA AND ISLAMIC RULINGS PERTINENT TO MAINTAINING AND REMOVING ARTIFICIAL LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 185-212
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alrahawan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Artificial Life Support ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Support Devices

This paper is intended to elaborate on the legal ruling of removing life support from a brain-dead person. Brain death means the permanent absence of brainstem and cerebral functions, not only the death of the brain cortex. Life support devices restore the functions of the heart and respiratory system, which sometimes result in the full recovery of consciousness of the patient and all of his basic functions. It is possible for the patient to restore normal breathing and leave the hospital in a full healthy state. On this basis, it is not permissible for a doctor to remove these devices before the brainstem dies, otherwise this would cause a real and irreversible death of the patient. In this case, the doctor bears full civil and criminal responsibility. The doctor is held accountable if he refrains from providing assistance to this patient who is legally and medically alive. It is permissible to remove artificial life devices once the death of the brain is ascertained in the light of the above-mentioned diagnoses. Then, the patient will be transferred to another room, but his death is announced only after the heart stops functioning. It is from this moment that the rulings of death are applied. The responsibility of removing these devices and declaring death is the work of a specialized medical committee that approves the diagnosis and issues a burial permit.

scholarly journals Theory into Practice: Withdrawal of Artificial Life Support in the ICU (733)

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Karen Lukacs ◽  
Steve Cagle ◽  
Vince Bacarri ◽  
Jane Senseney ◽  
James Vail
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Artificial Life Support

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of a nationwide simulation-based course for artificial life support

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257162
Author(s):  
Mateusz Puslecki ◽  
Marek Dabrowski ◽  
Marcin Ligowski ◽  
Bishoy Zakhary ◽  
Ahmed S. Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compression ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
National Education ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Artificial Life Support

Background Successful implementation of medical technologies applied in life-threatening conditions, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires appropriate preparation and training of medical personnel. The pandemic has accelerated the creation of new ECMO centers and has highlighted continuous training in adapting to new pandemic standards. To reach high standards of patients’ care, we created the first of its kind, National Education Centre for Artificial Life Support (NEC-ALS) in 40 million inhabitants’ country in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The role of the Center is to test and promote the novel or commonly used procedures as well as to develop staff skills on management of patients needing ECMO. Method In 2020, nine approved and endorsed by ELSO courses of “Artificial Life Support with ECMO” were organized. Physicians participated in the three-day high-fidelity simulation-based training that was adapted to abide by the social distancing norms of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge as well as crucial cognitive, behavioral and technical aspects (on a 5-point Likert scale) of management on ECMO were assessed before and after course completion. Moreover, the results of training in mechanical chest compression were also evaluated. Results There were 115 participants (60% men) predominantly in the age of 30–40 years. Majority of them (63%) were anesthesiologists or intensivists with more than 5-year clinical experience, but 54% had no previous ECMO experience. There was significant improvement after the course in all cognitive, behavioral, and technical self-assessments. Among aspects of management with ECMO that all increased significantly following the course, the most pronounced was related to the technical one (from approximately 1.0 to more 4.0 points). Knowledge scores significantly increased post-course from 11.4 ± SD to 13 ± SD (out of 15 points). The quality of manual chest compression relatively poor before course improved significantly after training. Conclusions Our course confirmed that simulation as an educational approach is invaluable not only in training and testing of novel or commonly used procedures, skills upgrading, but also in practicing very rare cases. The implementation of the education program during COVID-19 pandemic may be helpful in founding specialized Advanced Life Support centers and teams including mobile ones. The dedicated R&D Innovation Ecosystem established in the “ECMO for Greater Poland” program, with developed National Education Center can play a crucial role in the knowledge and know-how transfer but future research is needed.

Terminal Sedation: Palliative Care for Intractable Pain, Post Glucksberg and Quill

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-76
Author(s):  
Rob McStay
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Intractable Pain ◽  
Terminal Sedation ◽  
Physician Assisted Suicide ◽  
The Right ◽  
Artificial Life Support ◽  
Unconscious State

In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court tacitly endorsed terminal sedation as an alternative to physician-assisted suicide, thus intensifying a debate in the legal and medical communities as to the propriety of terminal sedation and setting the stage for a new battleground in the “right to die” controversy. Terminal sedation is the induction of an unconscious state to relieve otherwise intractable distress, and is frequently accompanied by the withdrawal of any life-sustaining intervention, such as hydration and nutrition. This practice is a clinical option of “last resort” when less aggressive palliative care measures have failed. Terminal sedation has also been described as “the compromise in the furor over physician-assisted suicide.”Medical literature suggests that terminal sedation was a palliative care option long before the Supreme Court considered the constitutional implications of physician-assisted suicide. Terminal sedation has been used for three related but distinct purposes: (1) to relieve physical pain; (2) to produce an unconscious state before the withdrawal of artificial life support; and (3) to relieve non-physical suffering.

scholarly journals Situating allostasis and interoception at the core of human brain function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Katsumi ◽  
Karen Quigley ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Brain

It is now well known that brain evolution, development, and structure do not respect Western folk categories of mind – that is, the boundaries of those folk categories have never been identified in nature, despite decades of search. Categories for cognitions, emotions, perceptions, and so on, may be useful for describing the mental phenomena that constitute a human mind, but they make a poor starting point for understanding the interplay of mechanisms that create those mental events in the first place. In this paper, we integrate evolutionary, developmental, anatomical, and functional evidence and propose that predictive regulation of the body’s internal systems (allostasis) and modeling the sensory consequences of this regulation (interoception) may be basic functions of the brain that are embedded in coordinated structural and functional gradients. Our approach offers the basis for a coherent, neurobiologically-inspired research program that attempts to explain how a variety of psychological and physical phenomena may emerge from the same biological mechanisms, thus providing an opportunity to unify them under a common explanatory framework that can be used to develop shared vocabulary for theory building and knowledge accumulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document