Street-level drug law enforcement: An updated systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Mazerolle ◽  
Elizabeth Eggins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Geographically Targeted ◽  
The Impact

The Global Policing Database is used to update a 2007 systematic review of the impact of street-level law enforcement interventions on drug crime and drug-related calls-for-service. A total of 26 studies (reported in 29 documents) were eligible for this updated review. Eighteen of the 26 studies reported sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. We find that, overall, street-level policing approaches are effective in reducing drug crime, particularly those involving partnerships. We also find that geographically targeted law enforcement interventions are more effective in reducing drug crime than standard, unfocused approaches. Approaches that target larger problem areas for intervention are more effective for reducing drug crime (but not calls-for-service) than approaches that focus on micro problem places.

The deterrent effects of Australian street-level drug law enforcement on illicit drug offending at outdoor music festivals

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elizabeth Hughes ◽  
Vivienne Moxham-Hall ◽  
Alison Ritter ◽  
Don Weatherburn ◽  
Robert MacCoun
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Music Festivals ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement

RACE, LEGAL CYNICISM, AND THE MACHINE POLITICS OF DRUG LAW ENFORCEMENT IN CHICAGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hagan ◽  
Bill McCarthy ◽  
Daniel Herda
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Legal Cynicism ◽  
Drug Crime ◽  
Political Machine ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Accountability ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Electoral Regime

AbstractUsing a wide array of official and unofficial data spanning two decades in the neighborhoods of Chicago, we explore connections between legal cynicism, the electoral regime of Mayor Richard M. Daley, and citizen calls for police assistance and police reports of drug crime. We find that the disproportionate concentration of legal cynicism about law enforcement in African American neighborhoods played a prominent and insufficiently understood role in building opposition to Mayor Daley’s political machine. This race linked legal cynicism was grounded in neighborhood concerns about effective prevention of and protection from drug crime. The more punitive than preventative and protective approach to drug law enforcement that characterized the politics of the Daley crime machine contributed to a legacy that foreshadowed the growing and ultimately explosive demands for new mechanisms of police accountability in Chicago.

Effect of drug law enforcement on drug market violence: A systematic review

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Werb ◽  
Greg Rowell ◽  
Gordon Guyatt ◽  
Thomas Kerr ◽  
Julio Montaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement

Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytical review⋆

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Mazerolle ◽  
David W. Soole ◽  
Sacha Rombouts
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Analytical Review

Enforcing Race: A Neighborhood-Level Explanation of Black–White Differences in Drug Arrests

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shytierra Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Arrests ◽  
Neighborhood Level

This research investigates the source of Black–White differences in drug arrests by conducting a neighborhood-level test of the differential police scrutiny and racially discriminatory policing hypotheses. The study examines drug arrests made across 78 neighborhoods in St. Louis between 2009 and 2013. Results from the negative binomial regression analyses lend the greatest support to the racially discriminatory policing perspective. Neighborhood racial composition significantly shapes drug law enforcement practices, net of neighborhood-level violent and property crime rates, drug-related calls for service by citizens, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Specifically, findings suggest that officers engage in “out-of-place” racial profiling in drug law enforcement, as they tend to target suspects whose race is incongruent with the neighborhood racial context. Implications of the study findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Street‐Level Drug Law Enforcement: A Meta‐Analytic Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Mazerolle ◽  
David W. Soole ◽  
Sacha Rombouts
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
Analytic Review

scholarly journals PROTOCOL: A Systematic Review of Drug Law Enforcement Strategies

10.1002/cl2.6 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Green Mazerolle ◽  
Sacha Rombouts ◽  
David W. Soole
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement

scholarly journals A protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of thigmotactic behaviour in the open field test in rodent models associated with persistent pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e100135
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Zhang ◽  
Jan Vollert ◽  
Emily S Sena ◽  
Andrew SC Rice ◽  
Nadia Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Bias Assessment ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThigmotaxis is an innate predator avoidance behaviour of rodents and is enhanced when animals are under stress. It is characterised by the preference of a rodent to seek shelter, rather than expose itself to the aversive open area. The behaviour has been proposed to be a measurable construct that can address the impact of pain on rodent behaviour. This systematic review will assess whether thigmotaxis can be influenced by experimental persistent pain and attenuated by pharmacological interventions in rodents.Search strategyWe will conduct search on three electronic databases to identify studies in which thigmotaxis was used as an outcome measure contextualised to a rodent model associated with persistent pain. All studies published until the date of the search will be considered.Screening and annotationTwo independent reviewers will screen studies based on the order of (1) titles and abstracts, and (2) full texts.Data management and reportingFor meta-analysis, we will extract thigmotactic behavioural data and calculate effect sizes. Effect sizes will be combined using a random-effects model. We will assess heterogeneity and identify sources of heterogeneity. A risk-of-bias assessment will be conducted to evaluate study quality. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plots, Egger’s regression and trim-and-fill analysis. We will also extract stimulus-evoked limb withdrawal data to assess its correlation with thigmotaxis in the same animals. The evidence obtained will provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of using thigmotactic outcome measure in animal pain research so that future experimental designs can be optimised. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guidelines and disseminate the review findings through publication and conference presentation.

Where Is the Fairness in Canadian Cannabis Legalization? Lessons to be Learned from the American Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-418
Author(s):  
Akwasi Owusu-Bempah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Law Enforcement ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Drug Prohibition

Canada has received praise and international attention for its departure from strict cannabis prohibition and the introduction of a legal regulatory framework for adult use. In addition to the perceived public health and public safety benefits associated with legalization, reducing the burden placed on the individuals criminalized for cannabis use served as an impetus for change. In comparison to many jurisdictions in the United States, however, Canadian legalization efforts have done less to address the harms that drug law enforcement has inflicted on individuals and communities. This article documents the racialized nature of drug prohibition in Canada and the US and compares the stated aims of legalization in in both jurisdictions. The article outlines the various reparative measures being proposed and implemented in America and contrasts those with the situation in Canada, arguing, furthermore that the absence of social justice measures in Canadian legalization is an extension of the systemic racism perpetuated under prohibition.

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