scholarly journals Evaluation of Chlamydia trachomatis and HR-HPV infection in women living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pereira Leite Lima ◽  
Caroline Alves de Oliveira Martins ◽  
Yara Lúcia Mendes Furtado de Melo ◽  
Svitrigaile Grinceviciene ◽  
Susana Cristina Aidé Viviani Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. CT infection in women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can facilitate HIV transmission by increasing HIV shedding in cervicovaginal secretions. The prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is higher in women living with HIV when compared to HIV-negative women, even when comparing those with the same sociodemographic characteristics. Generally, they have a high viral load and a higher persistence of viral infection, which increases the risk of developing premalignant and malignant lesions in the lower genital tract. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of CT and High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection among women living with HIV and the association with sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with a population of 66 non-pregnant women aged between 18 and 70 years living with HIV and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói (RJ), Brazil, between the period of March 1, 2018 and October 31, 2018. A standardized questionnaire was applied including sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, and clinical information (use of oral contraceptives, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count, and viral load). Endocervical samples were collected for CT (COBAS 4800® system, Roche) and HPV (COBAS® HPV test, Roche) detection. Fisher's Exact Test was used to assess the association between variables. Regression analyses were performed using the logistic model in order to identify the factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: A frequency of 1.5% for CT and 21.2% for HR-HPV was found. Age was the single factor that presented statistical significance associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusion: Our study showed that some women living with HIV promote risky behavior which could facilitate the acquisition of other STIs, such as HPV and CT infection. Some of them, with detected viral load, were not using condoms even with HIV-negative partners. These results may suggest that in addition to treatment and follow-up of women living with HIV, STIs counseling and guidance may play an important role in the control of STIs in this population.

scholarly journals Relating CYP2B6 Genotype and EFV Resistance Among Women Living With HIV With High Viremia in Uganda: A Nested Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN BUZIBYE ◽  
Kara Wools-Kaloustian ◽  
Adeniyi Olagunju ◽  
Ellon Twinomuhwezi ◽  
Constantin Yiannoutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract BackgroundWe investigated the association between CYP2B6 polymorphisms and efavirenz drug resistance among women living with HIV started on anti-retroviral therapy during pregnancy and with high viremia during post-partum.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study. Women between 6-12 weeks post-partum with viral load >1000 copies/ml were eligible. Sanger sequencing to detect resistant mutations and host genotyping were performed. We categorized efavirenz metabolizer genotype according to the AIDS clinical trials group algorithm as slow, intermediate and extensive; and compared efavirenz resistance among the metabolizer genotypes.Results Over a one-year period (July 2017-July 2018), three hundred and thirty two women were screened of whom 112 (34.8%) had viral load ≥1000 copies/ml of whom 62 had whole blood available for genotyping. Fifty-nine of these women had both viral resistance and human host genotypic results. We observed a higher frequency of efavirenz resistance among slow metabolizers (47% versus 34% in extensive and 28% in intermediate, metabolizers) but due to low numbers, this was not statistically significant. ConclusionsOur findings raise the possibility that CYP2B6 polymorphism may contribute to efavirenz drug resistance in women started on antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and with high viremia in the post-partum period. If confirmed in a larger study, this would have important implications for all patients in sub-Saharan Africa receiving efavirenz and add further support to the changes in World Health Organization policy to switch away from efavirenz as first line antiretroviral therapy in countries with a high prevalence of CYP2B6 polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Prolonged Amenorrhea and Low Hip Bone Mineral Density in Women Living With HIV—A Controlled Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. King ◽  
Ariel Nesbitt ◽  
Arianne Y.K. Albert ◽  
Neora Pick ◽  
Helene C.F. Cote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Determinants of post-disclosure violence among women living with HIV in sero-discordant unions in Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

AIDS Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yasmine Oladele Hardy ◽  
Prosper Kwame Antwi ◽  
Evans Kofi Agbeno ◽  
Abiboye Cheduko Yifieyeh ◽  
Anthony Enimil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Urinary symptoms and quality of life in women living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Larouche ◽  
Arianne Y. K. Albert ◽  
Nancy Lipsky ◽  
Sharon Walmsley ◽  
Mona Loutfy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa G Dhokotera ◽  
Julia Bohlius ◽  
Matthias Egger ◽  
Adrian Spoerri ◽  
Jabulani Ncayiyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective: To determine the spectrum of cancers in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa compared to their HIV negative peers. Design: Cross sectional study with cancer data provided by the National Cancer Registry and HIV data from the National Health Laboratory Service. Setting and participants: The NHLS is the largest provider of pathology services in the South African public sector with an estimated coverage of 80%. The NCR is a division of the NHLS. We included AYAs (aged 10-24 years) diagnosed with cancer by public health sector laboratories between 2004 and 2014 (n=8 479). We included 3 672 in the complete case analysis. Primary and secondary outcomes: We used linked NCR and NHLS data to determine the spectrum of cancers by HIV status in AYAs. We also used multivariable logistic regression to describe the association of cancer in AYAs with HIV, adjusting for age, sex (as appropriate), ethnicity, and calendar period. Due to the large proportion of unknown HIV status we also imputed (post-hoc) the missing HIV status. Results: From 2004-2014, 8 479 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer, HIV status was known for only 45% (n=3812); of those whose status was known, about half were HIV positive (n=1853). AYAs living with HIV were more likely to have Kaposi's sarcoma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 218, 95% CI 89.9-530), cervical cancer (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23-3.89), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.69-2.66), and anogenital cancers other than cervix (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.27-5.86). About 44% (n=1 062) of AYAs with HIV related cancers had not been tested for HIV, though they were very likely to have the disease. Conclusions: Cancer burden in AYAs living with HIV in South Africa could be reduced by screening young women for cervical cancer and vaccinating them against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Brazilian Pregnant Women with and without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Moreira Jalil ◽  
Geraldo Duarte ◽  
Patrícia El Beitune ◽  
Renata Toscano Simões ◽  
Patrícia Pereira dos Santos Melli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. To estimate HPV prevalence among pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, and the possible influence of HIV-1 infection on this prevalence.Methods. A cross-sectional study with 44 HIV-positive and 53 HIV-negative pregnant women was conducted. Cervicovaginal specimens were obtained from all women during gynecologic exam. HPV DNA, low and high risk HPV types, was detected using conventional PCR. Statistical analysis used Student'st-test, Mann-Whitney test, Fischer's Exact test, and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence interval.Results. HIV-positive pregnant women had higher proportion of HPV infection than HIV-negative pregnant women (79.5% versus 58.5%;P<.05). HPV positivity prevalence ratio for HIV-positive women was 1.36 (95% CI 1.04–1.8;P=.03). There was significant association between HIV viral load levels and HPV positivity (P<.05).Conclusions. Our results demonstrate higher HPV positivity in HIV-infected pregnant women. Higher values of HIV viral load were associated with HPV positivity.

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