scholarly journals Selection of Promising Barley Cultivar for Silage 1. Growth Characteristics and Fresh Matter Yield

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. James ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
B. J. Tolkamp

AbstractThe hypotheses tested were that the expected preference of sheep for a food with adequate rumen degradable protein (RDP) supplemented with urea would be reduced both by the addition of a buffer (sodium bicarbonate (SB)) and by offering ad libitum access to hay. A control food (C), calculated to be adequate in its ratio of effective RDP to fermentable metabolizable energy (fME), was formulated. Other foods were made by adding 12·5 (U1) or 25 (U2) g urea per kg fresh matter (FM) to C and 20 g SB per kg FM to C, U1and U2. The acid buffering capacity (ABC) of each food was measured in vitro. The experiment consisted of two successive periods, each of 4 weeks. Ninety-eight female, Texel ✕ Greyface sheep were randomly allocated to 14 groups each with seven animals. Groups 1 to 6 were offered one of: C, U2, C + SB, U2+ SB, C with hay or U2with hay throughout the experiment. Groups 7 to 10 were offered the choices of C v. U1or C v. U2, either with or without hay in a change-over design; animals that received hay during period 1 (groups 8 and 10) did not do so during period 2 and vice versa (groups 7 and 9). Groups 11 to 14 (no. = 7) were offered the choices of C v. U1or C v. U2, either with or without SB supplemented to both foods, in a change-over design. Adding either urea, or SB, or both to C had no effects on intake or live-weight gain when offered alone. Both supplements significantly (P 0·001) increased the ABC of food C. Throughout the experiment hay consumption was very low (overall mean: 23 (s.e. 2·5) g hay per sheep day). Offering hay caused no change in the preference for the urea-supplemented foods. Sheep offered the choices C v. U1or C v. U2, with neither hay nor SB, selected 0.466 (s.e. 0·036) and 0.588 (s.e. 0·025) kg/kg total food intake (TFI) of U1and U2respectively. The proportions of the urea-supplemented foods were significantly reduced (P 0.01) by SB supplementation: to 0.348 (s.e.0·045) and 0·406 (s.e.0·059) kg/kg TFI of U1and U2respectively. The effect of SB addition on the diet selection of sheep could be due to its buffering properties. When SB is added to both foods the need for urea to be used as a buffer is reduced with a consequent decrease in the proportion selected as the urea-supplemented food. Effects of diet on buffering may override other diet selection objectives, such as the avoidance of an excess intake of RDP.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Seok-Beom Kang ◽  
◽  
Eun-Young Yang ◽  
Myeong-Cheoul Cho ◽  
Takeshi Tajima ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Luana Cristina R da Silva ◽  
Alcinei M Azevedo ◽  
Carlos E Pedrosa ◽  
Valter C Andrade Júnior ◽  
Nermy R Valadares ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The selection of kale genotypes more resistant to dehydration is important, since this product is marketed fresh and characterized as perishable. For the post-harvest study, the adjustment of regression models is useful. However, when there are many treatments, it is difficult to identify the superior one through the graphical representation of the curves. In this sense, the model identity test groups the curves establishing genotypes that have statistically similar behavior. Thus, we aimed to select kale accesses for post-harvest dehydration using the model identity test. The accumulated loss of fresh matter of 22 kale genotypaes was evaluated, being 19 of the germplasm bank of the UFVJM and three commercial cultivars (COM). The model identity test was used for the statistical grouping of the regression curves. The UFVJM-19 and UFVJM-32 accessions had lower rates of dehydration as a function of time. The test facilitated the interpretation of the results, with a reduction of 22 to six regression curves, helping to select the best genotypes. The UFVJM-19 and UFVJM-32 accessions are the most indicated because they present lower post-harvest dehydration, being the most recommended for commercialization.


1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-143

In his review of Meyerhold at Work, edited by Paul Schmidt (Applause, 1996), in the November 1998 issue, Dave Williams commented that Meyerhold “wrote little.” Laurence Senelick has responded, pointing out that Meyerhold's writings are, in fact, voluminous. Senelick writes: “When his memory was rehabilitated in the Soviet Union after the death of Stalin, a selection of his writings was finally issued in 1968 as Stat'i, pis'ma, rechi, besedy (Articles, letters, speeches, discourses,) in two fat volumes edited by A. V. Fevralskij and B. I. Rostotskij. The two tomes together came to over 1000 tightly printed pages. To serve the continuing interest in Meyerhold, a far from complete collection of his letters appeared in 1976 (463 pp.), followed two years later by a nearly 500-page compendium of fresh matter, Tvorcheskoe nasledie Mejerkhol'da (Meyerhold's Creative Legacy). Thereafter, fugitive pieces came out on a regular basis in Russian periodicals and anthologies, and in 1993 another two-volume collection, this time of the stenographic records of his rehearsals, was pubhshed. The fullest collection of Meyerhold's writing outside of Russia is the French translation published in Lausanne, and it is in four volumes… When Paul Schmidt put together Meyerhold at Work, which was first published by the University of Texas Press in 1980, he was deliberately seeking to include material which had not appeared in Edward Braun's 1969 collection Meyerhold on Theatre. Hence his emphasis on the testimony of collaborators and contemporaries, rather than the master's words themselves… If there is a lesson in this, it is that English-speakers have been poorly served by publishers if the paucity of Meyerhold's utterances in translation can lead to the fallacy that he rarely set pen to paper.”


2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. James ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted in which growing sheep were given choices between foods differing in their contents of urea. The crude protein (CP) contents of both of the foods of the pair were also varied. The hypothesis tested was that the diets selected would be those that met the effective rumen degradable protein (eRDP) requirements of the animals and would avoid excess consumption of eRDP. Three basal foods, differing in CP were formulated. D was designed to be deficient in CP with 80 g CP and 58 g eRDP per kg DM; H was calculated to be adequate with 159 g CP and 114 g eRDP per kg DM; P had excess with 210 g CP and 148 g eRDP per kg DM. Other foods were made by adding 12·5 or 25 g urea per kg fresh matter to each of the three basal foods to make a further six foods. In both experiments Texel✕Greyface female sheep were used. In experiment 1, 34 sheep weighing 37·2 (s.d. 1·85) kg were randomly allocated to one of six groups and each group was offered a choice between a pair of foods. Groups 1 to 3 were offered pairs in the D series (Dv. D + 12·5 g urea per kg (no. = 6), Dv. D + 25 g urea per kg (no. = 6) and D + 12·5 g urea per kg v. D + 25 g urea per kg (no. = 5)). Groups 4 to 6 were offered the same pairs of foods but with H instead of D. In experiment 2, 96 sheep weighing 29·8 (s.d. 3·37) kg were randomly allocated to one of 12 groups. Groups 1 to 6 (no. = 6) were allocated a single food (D, D + 25 g, H, H + 25 g, P or P + 25 g urea per kg) throughout the experiment. Groups 7 to 12 were given a choice (no. = 10) between two foods. One food of the pair was the basal D, H or P. The other food was the same basal food supplemented with either 12·5 or 25 g urea per kg. On the single foods adding urea to D resulted in an increase in food intake and live-weight gain suggesting that D was deficient in eRDP. Adding urea to either H or P had no beneficial effects on intake or live-weight gain. This suggests that both contained sufficient eRDP in relation to energy. Across all choice treatments in both experiments there was a highly significant preference (P< 0·01) for the food with the higher urea content. In experiment 1 0·62 (s.e. 0·04) of the diet selected was the food with the higher urea content. In experiment 2 the figure was 0·64 (s.e.0·03). The general preference for the food with the higher urea content was unaffected by the CP contents of the foods used. The results do not support the hypothesis that sheep will avoid excess eRDP when given a choice and suggest that eRDP may not be a relevant dimension in diet selection in the conditions of these experiments.


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