Modelling Extended Lactations in Polish Holstein–Friesian Cows

The objectives of this study were (1) to examine different shapes of lactation curves for milk, fat, protein and lactose yields and urea content in milk fitted by the Wilmink function using the test-day (TD) records and (2) to find the function that best describes test-day records beyond 305 days in milk (DIM) for Polish Holstein–Friesian cows. The data were 6,955,768 TD records from the 702,830 first six lactations of 284,193 Polish Holstein–Friesian cows. Cows calved in 19,102 herds between 2001 and 2018. The following functions were fitted to TD data from each lactation: (1) Wilmink model fitted to the whole lactation, (2) Wilmink model fitted to TD records from 5 to 305 DIM and linear function fitted to TD records from 306 to 400 DIM, (3) Wilmink model fitted to TD records from 5 to 305 DIM and squared function fitted to TD records from 306 to 400 DIM. The present study showed that urea content in milk was modelled slightly worse than other milk traits. The results suggested that the course of lactation could be successfully modelled by a nonlinear model, for example, the Wilmink function, for up to 305 DIM, and by the linear or squared function afterwards.

Assessing the Chronic Poisoning of White Mice Affected by Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG

Neonicotinoids are a relatively small group of organic compounds that are widely used in crop production as insecticides. They are highly toxic to insects, and much less toxic to mammals, including humans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic toxicity of insecticides from the group of neonicotinoids Mospilan RP (active substance acetamiprid) and Actara 25 WG (active substance thiamethoxam) on white mice. The chronic toxicity was induced by daily internal introduction of Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG to mice for 30 days at the doses of 1/10 of Median Lethal Dose reported as 65 and 363 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The affected mice showed thrombocytosis, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and lymphocytopenia. Blood plasma hyperproteinemia in mice treated with Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG was characterized by an increase in globulins content by almost 30.0% in both groups. In Mospilan RP and Actara 25 WG treated groups, there was a reduction in urea content by 43.6% and 31.5%, respectively, an increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity by 80% and 60.0%, and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase by 80% and almost 400%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased to 23.0% only in mice that were given Mospilan RP but not in mice that were given Actara 25 WG.

SIGNS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF YOUNG PIGS OF LARGE WHITE BREED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH UREA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY OF SOME BLOOD SERUM ENZYMES

The results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of large white breed, some biochemical parameters of blood serum (urea content, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) activity, alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) activity are presented), as well as the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. The study was conducted in LLC "Druzhba-Kaznacheyivka"of Dnipropetrovsk region, in the Research center of biosafety and ecological control of agricultural resources of Dnipropetrovsk state agrarian and economic university, meat processing plant «Jazz» and Laborator Livestock y of the State institution Institute of grain crops of NAAS of Ukraine. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS of Ukraine №30 "Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products" ("Pig breeding"), state registration number 0116U001247. The object of the study was young pigs of large white breed. Evaluation of animals for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily live weight gain during the control period of fattening, g, age of live weight 100 kg, days, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, length of chilled carcass , cm, the length of the bacon half of the cooled half-carcass, cm (M.D. Berezovsky, I.V. Kha’tko, 2005). A comprehensive assessment of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was calculated according to the B. Tailer index (P.A. Vashchenko, 2019), biometric indicators - according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). Economic efficiency of research results was calculated according to the generally accepted technique (Methodology for determining the economic ..., 1983). It was found that the urea content, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) in the serum of young pigs of the experimental group corresponds to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals and amount to 4.77±0.576 mol/l, 68.11±6.445 units/l, and 4.22±3.209 units/l, respectively. According to the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg (days), the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (mm) and the length of the chilled carcass (cm) of the specified production group and breed correspond to class I and class "elite". The maximum values of "average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, kg", "length of chilled carcass, cm", "length of bacon half of chilled carcass, cm" and minimum values of "age of live weight 100 kg, days" and "fat thickness per levels of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm "are characterized by animals in which the complex index of fattening and meat qualities (B. Tailer's index) ranges from 157.68 to 182.36 points. The number of reliable relationships between the biochemical parameters of blood serum, fattening and meat qualities of young white pigs is 26.67 %. The cost of additional products obtained from young pigs with B. Tailer index of 157.68 – 182.36 points is equal to +1732.04 UAH/head.

The Use of Tungsten in Potentiometry to Detect Pospat Baffer and Urease Enzyme

This study aims to characterize phosphate buffer and urease enzymes through the absorbance spectrum of UV-Vis and FTIR using tungsten as the indicator electrode. The method used in this research is the biosensor potentiometric method carried out in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan and the Beacukai Belawan Medan laboratory. The absorbance characterization of electrolyte solutions in various compositions using UV-Vis showed that phosphate buffer solution 0.001 M pH 7.5+KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M+3 drops urease enzyme had the highest absorbance compared to electrolyte solutions with phosphate buffer and urea content. Likewise, the FTIR results showed the same thing where phosphate buffer solution was 0.001 M pH 7.5 + KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M + 3 drops urease enzyme had the highest% T (transmission) pattern of phosphate buffer solution and urea. The urease enzyme in this study functions as a catalyst. Based on UV-Vis and FTIR characterization, it was concluded that the phosphate buffer solution of 0.001 M pH 7.5+KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M + 3 drops of urease enzyme was the best.

Kajian pemalsuan bekatul dan tepung ikan di Wilayah Jawa Tengah

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The research aimed examine the quality adulteration of bran and fish meal in the Central Java region.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The materials used are rice bran and fish meal originating from 17 regions in Central Java which include Rembang, Jepara, Batang, Solo, Boyolali, Pekalongan, Kendal, Temanggung, Magelang, Ungaran, Pati, Purwodadi, Demak, Salatiga, Kudus, Klaten and Semarang. The research method uses descriptive method. Sampling was carried out by purposive random sample to represent the area of the area used as the research site (10 shops in 1 region with different districts and / or villages). Measurement of the parameters of adulteration on bran used Phloroglucinol test, buoyancy test and specific gravity test, while fish meal used urea test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the bran which was tested for Phloroglucinol and positive buoyancy was faked by adding husks, and was found in the Pati and Demak areas. Density test describes rice bran with non-standard density in Purwodadi, Kendal, Temanggung, Demak and Semarang. Fish meal adulteration occurred in the Boyolali and Pati regions with positive urea content.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The conclusion of this research is that good quality of rice bran based on phloroglucinol test, husk floating test and bulk density test were found in Rembang, Jepara, Solo, Boyolali, Magelang, Ungaran, Salatiga and Kudus areas, the quality of fish meal indicated for adulteration based on the urea test was Pekalongan and Purwodadi areas.</p>

Variability and correlation of milk urea content with parameters of cow productivity

During the work, 24774 individual milk samples for Ayrshire cows (Karelia, Russia) with an annual milk yield of over 8.300 kg were tested (1.355 cows) every month for the last three years. The urea content averaged 32.19 mg% with a daily yield of 25.5 kg. In cows at the age of the first two lactations, the urea content was higher than for adult animals. The urea content in milk increased from 31.46 mg% to 33.56% with increasing daily yield. In summer and early autumn, urea concentration was lower than in spring and winter. A reliable positive correlation of milk urea was obtained with daily yield, lactose, negative – with protein, dry milk matter, dry non-fat milk residue, the number of somatic cells, and lack of connection was with fat and the freezing temperature of milk. The bull's genotype has a significant effect on the amount of milk urea. Heritability coefficient (h2) was in the range of 0.222 - 0.367.

Controllable synthesis of hydrangea-like NixSy hollow microflowers all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor electrodes with enhanced performance by synergistic effect of nickel mutiphase

In this work, through controlling the urea content in the synthesis system, the nucleation rate of NixSy can be adjusted, a series of NixSy with multiphase nickel, various size and...

Diagnostic stage of obstetric dispensary of cows in the conditions of PAE “Shpanivske” of Rivne district of Rivne region

The problem of obstetric pathology of cows is one of the first non-communicable diseases of animals. To eliminate it, a system of medical examination of cows has been developed, which includes a set of diagnostic, treatment and preventive measures aimed at reproduction of herds and obtaining healthy animals. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of obstetric pathology, to determine the toxic and biochemical parameters and inorganic elements in the serum of cows in the period before launch and after calving in PSP “Shpanivske” Rivne district of Rivne region. Taken 15 blood samples from cows from different physiological groups (1 group – cows after calving, 2 – cows before start). The research was carried out by conventional methods on ImmunoChem-2100 – multifunctional microplate photometer and Immunochem-2200-2 – thermoshaker on 2 tablets using a set of reagents from “Philisit-Diagnostics” and “Vector-Best” and the content of inorganic elements. absorption spectrophotometer C-115M1. According to the results of obstetric examination of cows, conducted in the dry period, revealed: ketosis – 12.4 %, fatty hepatodystrophy – 11.7 %, udder edema – 8.8 % and subclinical mastitis – 23.6 % of animals. In 67.8 % of cows in the dry period with ketosis, the level of ketone bodies was at the level of 2.2 ± 0.01 mmol/l, and after birth they developed postpartum paresis – 18.3 %, postpartum endometritis – 27.9 % and delay manure – 26.7 %. Dry cows were diagnosed with a decrease in total cholesterol by 23.9 % relative to the lower reference value, and in cows after start – recorded an increase in total protein by 1.7 %, total globulin by 0.5 %, urea content by 23.3 % relative to the upper reference level and a decrease in glucose of 36.0 % relative to the lower reference level. There was also a decrease in the content of Zinc after childbirth by 22.0 % and in the period of dryness by 21.7 % and inorganic Phosphorus after childbirth by 28.2 % and in the period of dryness by 18.6 % relative to the lower reference level. In the future, further research will determine the quality of feed and develop schemes for immunocorrection of cows during the dry season and after calving.

Diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis in cows in the postpartum period when using digital technologies

The purpose of the research was to determine the corelation between pH and temperature of the contents of the rumen and abomasum in the fi rst 10 days after calving and to evaluate these factors as prognostic signs for the diagnosis of subacute acidosis in cows. The temperature and pH of the rumen contents have been measured by using special boluses made for monitoring the physiological state of cattle. The temperature and pH of the abomasum contents have been measured by using abdominal cannulation. Before the study the selected cows were clinically examined in accordance with the general plan and were completely healthy. Clinical signs of acidosis (diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weak rumination) have been not detected. The average concentration of somatic cells count in the milk of the studied cows was 250±32 thousand/ml and the urea content in the milk was at the level of 25±4 mg/%. Boluses were placed orally in the rumen of the cows under study. In 7 cows, readings have been taken 2 times per day for 10 days (at 9 am and 9 pm). A total of 140 measurements have been made. A negative correlation has been observed between pH of the rumen contents and its temperature. Consequently, an increase in the acidity (decrease in pH) of the rumen content increases its temperature. A positive statistically signifi cant correlation has been established between the temperature of the rumen content and rectal temperature. By measuring the temperature of the contents of the rumen, it is possible to prevent the appearance of subacute rumen acidosis in cows.