scholarly journals Review of International Law (Lex Specialis) on the Problems of the South China Sea (SSS) Boundary Conflict and the View of Indonesia's Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Yana Sylvana ◽  
Hanna Wijaya ◽  
Michelle Angelika S
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Boundary Conflict

The South China Sea (SCS) is a geographical area that is rich in natural resources such as crude oil and is a very strategic area of ​​the economy. The SCS is surrounded by several littoral states which cause conflicts between coastal countries over the right to power over South China. There are at least 9 countries conflicting with each other in the SCS, such as the People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Burma and Indonesia. The problem became even more serious when the Declaration of Decision of the International Court of Justice or the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) as the highest international institution was opposed by China because it was considered detrimental and weakening China's power. This research aims to specifically discuss the geographical position of the SCS and international law (especially UNCLOS), diplomacy issues in the maritime sector, how to regulate sea areas according to international law and disputes that occur in the SCS and the role of Indonesian diplomacy in responding to the decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)  

An International Law Perspective on Insular Features (Islands) and Low-tide Elevations in the South China Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted L McDorman
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Law

The numerous insular features (islands/rocks) and low-tide elevations (reefs, shoals, etc.) within the South China Sea have long been the centre of attention and dispute involving Brunei, China (the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan)), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. This contribution focuses on said maritime features from the perspective of the law of the sea. A general overview is provided of the international legal rules that apply to islands, rocks and low-tide elevations with reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, customary international law and international adjudications. The article then examines what the littoral states have said and done respecting the insular features in the South China Sea and offers some reflections in the context of the Philippine-China arbitration.

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Beckman
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Law

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes a legal framework to govern all uses of the oceans. All of the states bordering the South China Sea—Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam—are parties to UNCLOS. Taiwan, which also borders the South China Sea, has taken steps to bring its legislation into conformity with UNCLOS.

Arguing International Law in the South China Sea Disputes: The Haiyang Shiyou 981 and uss Lassen Incidents and the Philippines v. China Arbitration

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex G. Oude Elferink
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Legal Arguments

This article focuses on how international law is argued by the parties to the South China Sea disputes and in what context these legal arguments are presented. To this end, the article analyses three recent issues in the South China Sea: the incident involving the Haiyang Shiyou 981 drilling rig, which operated in a maritime area in dispute between Vietnam and China; the passage of the uss Lassen in the vicinity of Subi Reef, which is occupied by China; and the arbitration between the Philippines and China under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The article concludes that looking at what legal arguments are or are not made and in what broader context those arguments are placed can contribute to a better understanding of the role of international law in the South China Sea disputes.

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas peran Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) di dalam resolusi konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan (LTS). Keputusan PCA yang menggunakan UNCLOS sebagai tata kelola LTS memprovokasi kemarahan Tiongkok. Pertanyaan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana memahami peran hukum internasional dalam konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan menggunakan teori English School. English School dengan kedua pilarnya pluralisme dan solidarisme menjadi pisau analisis utama untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, keputusan PCA digunakan sebagai Filipina sebagai momentum transformasi kebijakan luar negeri Filipina dari solidarisme menjadi pluralisme. Kedua, pilar pluralisme lebih relevan menjelaskan peran hukum internasional dalam sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan.Kata kunci: English School, hukum internasional, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralisme, solidarisme

scholarly journals The Victory of Pluralism: The Role of International Law in The South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Verdinand Robertua Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
English School ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis research discussed the role of Permanent Court of Arbitration’s decision on the dynamic of South China Sea dispute. Court’s decision in July 2016 to regulate South China Sea based on UNCLOS’s regulation has provoked China’s objection. This research question is on how to understand the role of international law in the South China Sea dispute using English School Theory. To answer the research question, this research is using English School Theory with its two pillars namely pluralism and solidarism. This research shows two findings. First, the PCA decision has been used by the Philippines to be momentum for transformation from solidarist mode of foreign policy to pluralist mode. Secondly, the pluralism pillar of English School is more relevant in analyzing the role of international law on South China Sea Dispute with the addition of reconceptualization of legitimacy.Key words: English School, international law, Permanent Court of Arbitration, pluralism, solidarism, South China Sea

Merits Award Relating to Historic Rights in the South China Sea Arbitration: An Appraisal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmin MA
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
China Sea

AbstractThis paper provides an assessment of the Tribunal’s Award on the merits relating to the Philippines’ Submissions No. 1 and 2. First, it argues that the Convention is not the sole legal source of maritime rights. Second, the Tribunal erroneously infers from Article 311 that the Convention prevails over customary international law. Meanwhile, Article 293 does not terminate rules of general international law that are incompatible with the Convention. Third, the Tribunal, by deciding that historic rights under general international law have been superseded by the regimes of exclusive economic zone and continental shelf established under the Convention, fails to draw a distinction between the two separate legal regimes, namely the Convention and general international law. Fourth, as one of the “matters not regulated by the Convention”, historic rights should be governed by, and have been well established in, general international law.

scholarly journals Indonesia’s Response in the South China Sea Disputes: A comparative analysis of the Soeharto and the post-Soeharto era

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derry Aplianta
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Honest Broker ◽  
Historical Factors

Before it developed into a dispute among China and Southeast Asian nations, the South China Sea has been disputed long before it became what it is today. The post-World War II era brought a fresh start to a new chapter of dispute, as China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam laid their claims one by one. This study contends that under Suharto’s iron fist rule, Indonesia’s interest to the South China Sea dispute grew from maintaining Indonesia’s territorial integrity to maintaining domestic stability. The former took shape after being threatened by China’s map which claimed a part of the former’s territorial waters, while the later grew in through establishing deeper trade cooperation with China. Despite the half-hearted normalization with China, Indonesia managed to establish a track-two forum for parties involved in the South China Sea dispute, which is later proven to be instrumental. Under President Yudhoyono, Indonesia gradually played its initial role from a passive into an active honest broker, which brought improvements to the process. This research attempts to show that constraint to Indonesia’s role in the South China Sea dispute originates from both the ideological and historical factors. Indonesia’s long-running ideological constraints set its priorities to its interest to the dispute, while its foreign policy doctrine serves as a pragmatic means to achieve its goals of interests. Indonesia’s past relationship with China also played a part in influencing Indonesia’s response which later evolved as the relations went through ups and downs. Moreover, the unclear integration process of ASEAN sets the task of the honest broker became a one-country-show for Indonesia.

scholarly journals BANDWAGONING BRUNEI DARUSSALAM TERHADAP REPUBLIK RAKYAT CINA PADA TAHUN 2018 DALAM KONFLIK LAUT CINA SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yehuda Purwantoro
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
The South ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Capacity Measure

Abstract The South China Sea dispute involves People’s Republic of China (PRC) against Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, and Brunei Darussalam. The South China Sea Dispute was caused by claimant state and nine dashed line which made by PRC. Instead of resist, Brunei Darussalam in South China Sea Conflict took considerable different gesture other than the rest belligerent parties like Vietnam, Malaysia, Philipines, and Indonesia. Brunei did not show any resistance to PRC regarding territorial claimants and instead cooperates with Asian giants controversial move. Brunei Darussalam took a stand by bandwagoning against the PRC. Brunei’s behaviour was identified by Balance of Threat theory by Stephen Walt. As a result, there is a very unbalanced capability and power capacity measure between the combined power capacity of Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia with PRC. It made worse by the Brunei’s economic crisis. Keywords: south china sea; brunei darussalam; people republic of china; bandwagoning. Abstrak Konflik Laut Cina Selatan melibatkan Republik Rakyat Cina (RRC) dengan Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina, Indonesia, dan termasuk Brunei Darussalam. Konflik Laut Cina Selatan disebabkan oleh claimant state dan pembuatan sembilan garis putus-putus (nine dashed line) secara sepihak oleh RRC. Dalam menyikapi agresifitas RRC yang mengklaim wilayahnya di Laut Cina Selatan, Brunei Darussalam mengambil sikap yang berbeda dibanding yang dilakukan oleh Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Indonesia. Brunei Darussalam mengambil sikap dengan tidak menentang klaim RRC  dan melakukan bandwagoning terhadap RRC. Sikap bandwagoning yang dilakukan Brunei Darussalam disebabkan oleh tiga kondisi negara dan empat faktor ancaman dalam teori Balance of Threat Stephen Walt, dimana ukuran kapabilitas dan kapasitas kekuatan yang sangat tidak berimbang antara Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Indonesia dengan RRC , bahkan jika kekuatan lima negara tersebut digabungkan. Kondisi tersebut ditambah dengan krisis ekonomi yang dialami Brunei Darussalam sehingga bandwagoning dianggap sebagai pilihan yang rasional. Kata Kunci: laut cina selatan; brunei darussalam; republik rakyat cina; bandwagoning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document