scholarly journals Has the gender wage gap narrowed or widened in a decade? Some recent evidence from the Turkish labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Fulden KÖMÜRYAKAN ◽  
Metehan YILGÖR
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Discrimination ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Wage Disparities

The principal objective of this study is to determine the variation in the gender wage gap in the last decade of the Turkish labor market and reveal possible factors that drive the wage disparities. Therefore, the data set covers the Household Budget Statistics surveys 2009 and 2018. In order to prevent biased results, the empirical strategy contains the two-stage model estimation and selectivity corrected decomposition approach. The findings claim a widening gender wage gap in a decade. The portion of the gender wage gap resulting from the labor market discrimination tends to increase whereas the wage gap based on the gender differences in characteristics decreases. Despite the decrease, if the female employees had the same characteristics as males, their mean wages would be higher. Moreover, the gender wage gap attributable to gender discrimination in the labor market continues to increase.

Decomposition of the gender wage gap in Portugal, 1998–2007: The evidence of gender discrimination

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Figueiredo ◽  
Maria do Carmo Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF GENDER WAGE DIFFERENTIAL IN CHINA’S URBAN LABOR MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (02) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALMAS HESHMATI ◽  
BIWEI SU
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Labor Market

This paper estimates the gender wage gap and its composition in China’s urban labor market. The traditional Blinder–Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method with different weighing systems is employed. To correct for potential selection bias caused by women’s labor force participation, we employ the Heckman’s two-step procedure to estimate the female wage function. A large proportion of the gender wage gap is unexplained by differences of productive characteristics of individuals. Even though women have higher level of education attainments on average, they receive lower wages than men. Both facts suggest a potential discrimination against women in China.

Rethinking Double Jeopardy: Differences in the Gender Disadvantage between Organizational Insiders and Outsiders in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Mi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Secondary Market ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Segmented Labor Market

This study examines the distinctive patterns of gender inequality in the primary and secondary labor markets in Korea. Previous studies that analyzed multiple disadvantages in the labor market tended to focus on comparing the gender wage gap between groups. By failing to distinguish the gender gap from discrimination, these studies often underestimate the severe within-job discrimination that women in minority positions experience. Using the wage gap decomposition method, this study analyzes the gender wage gap according to separate labor market positions. The results indicate that the size of the gender wage gap is greater in the primary labor market than in the secondary market, but that a sizable amount of the gap in the primary market can be explained by demographic differences between male and female workers. In the secondary labor market, the gender wage gap is relatively small, but mostly caused by within-job wage discrimination against women. The divergent pattern of gender inequality—large gap-small discrimination among organizational insiders and small gap-large discrimination between organizational outsiders—shows how the segmented labor market provides a structural condition to create the complexity of gender inequality, in which women experience different forms of disadvantage depending on their positions in the labor market.

Public–Private Wage Disparities, Employment, and Labor Market Segmentation in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Bouassida ◽  
Abdel-Rahmen El Lahga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Wage Disparities

The dysfunction of the Tunisian labor market is exacerbated particularly by the segmentation between public and private sector employment. These different segments differ in terms of returns to human capital, social protection and mobility, affecting career development and the wage structure in the economy. In this chapter, we present the patterns of wage distribution in Tunisia across important socioeconomic groups and a detailed analysis of the wage gap between public and private sectors. Our results show particularly that while in the bottom sector of the wage distribution the positive wage gap between public and private sectors is mainly attributable to the composition or characteristics of workers, the wage gap in the upper sector of the distribution is due to returns to characteristics effect. The public-sector wage premium explains the strong preference in public positions.

Gender wage gap and the role of skills and tasks: evidence from the Austrian PIAAC data set

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Christl ◽  
Monika Köppl–Turyna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Data Set

Separate and Not Equal? Gender Segregation in the Labor Market and the Gender Wage Gap

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Hegewisch ◽  
Hannah Liepmann ◽  
Jeffrey Hayes ◽  
Heidi Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Gender Segregation

scholarly journals The Gender Wage Gap in Switzerland over Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flurina Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Gender Wage Differentials ◽  
Over Time

Abstracts This article analyzes the gender wage gap in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Household Panel. The results show that women in Switzerland earn still less than men with the same endowments. One of the main reasons for this gap is occupational segregation: women and men working in femaledominated occupations have lower wages than those in integrated and male-dominated occupations. In order to have equally distributed job categories, 40% of the male or female employees would need to change jobs. But the “preferences” for jobs between genders seem to have been frozen for decades. The gender wage gap is particularly large within part-time employees working below 50%. Younger cohorts, however, seem less exposed to gender wage differentials.

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