scholarly journals MECANISMOS DE DEPENDÊNCIA QUÍMICA NO TABAGISMO: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson F. Pupulim ◽  
Andrey Biff Sarris ◽  
Luiz G. R. Fernandes ◽  
Maki C. Nakamura ◽  
Tatiane V. Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder

Introdução: O tabagismo está associado à dependência química da nicotina, a qual leva o fumante a manifestar características de abstinência, tolerância e abandono de atividades sociais. O fumo é também influenciado por fatores bioquímicos, genéticos e ambientais. Objetivo: Abordar os principais mecanismos de dependência química relacionados ao tabagismo. Metodologia: Foi realizada consulta à literatura médica através de meios eletrônicos e físicos. A consulta por meios eletrônicos se desenvolveu através de pesquisas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Nas bases MEDLINE e LILACS foi utilizado como descritor “transtorno por uso de tabaco” (“tobacco use disorder”). Discussão: O mecanismo de dependência se relaciona com o alto poder de difusão da nicotina pelos alvéolos pulmonares e sua interação com receptores colinérgicos nicotínicos (nAchR) centrais. Isso possibilita indução e propagação do impulso nervoso até o sistema de recompensa cerebral, contribuindo com efeitos momentâneos de euforia e prazer, principalmente através da secreção de dopamina. A falta de nicotina no organismo leva o indivíduo à síndrome de abstinência, condição clínica desencadeada por alterações do número e estado dos receptores nicotínicos. A genética mostrou ter influência no início, na manutenção do hábito e no tratamento da dependência nicotínica, condicionada, no entanto, por fatores ambientais. Estudos mostraram também relação entre genes dos receptores nicotínicos e câncer de pulmão. Conclusão: A nicotina é o principal fator desencadeante da dependência ao tabaco, pois altera a conformação dos receptores colinérgicos nicotínicos. Estes influenciam na propagação do impulso nervoso até o sistema de recompensa cerebral, criando mecanismos de reforço positivo.

Tobacco Use Disorder and Cardiovascular Health

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal L. Benowitz ◽  
Evangelia Liakoni
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder

Assessing sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and mental health concerns in tobacco use disorder treatment research: Measurement challenges and recommendations from a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) pre-conference workshop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Marc L Steinberg ◽  
Sarah D Mills ◽  
Sarah S Dermody ◽  
Jaimee L Heffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Mental Health Concerns

Abstract This paper reports on topics discussed at a Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) pre-conference workshop at the 2019 annual SRNT meeting. The goal of the preconference workshop was to help develop a shared understanding of the importance of several tobacco-related priority groups in tobacco use disorder treatment research and to highlight challenges in measurement related to these groups. The workshop focused on persons with minoritized sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation identities; persons with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds; persons with lower socioeconomic status (SES); and persons with mental health concerns. In addition to experiencing commercial tobacco-related health disparities, these groups are also underrepresented in tobacco research, including tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatment studies. Importantly, there is wide variation in how and whether researchers are identifying variation within these priority groups. Best practices for measuring and reporting sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, SES, and mental health concerns in TUD treatment research are needed. This paper provides information about measurement challenges when including these groups in TUD treatment research and specific recommendations about how to measure these groups and assess potential disparities in outcomes. The goal of this paper is to encourage TUD treatment researchers to use measurement best practices in these priority groups in an effort to conduct meaningful and equity-promoting research. Increasing the inclusion and visibility of these groups in TUD treatment research will help to move the field forward in decreasing tobacco-related health disparities. Implications Tobacco-related disparities exist for a number of priority groups including, among others, women, individuals with minoritized sexual and gender identities, individuals with minoritized racial and ethnic backgrounds, individuals with lower socioeconomic status, and individuals with mental health concerns. Research on tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatments for many of these subgroups is lacking. Accurate assessment and consideration of these subgroups will provide needed information about efficacious and effective TUD treatments, about potential mediators and moderators, and for accurately describing study samples, all critical elements for reducing tobacco-related disparities, and improving diversity, equity, and inclusion in TUD treatment research.

scholarly journals Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Smoking Cessation App Designed for Individuals With Co-Occurring Tobacco Use Disorder and Serious Mental Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Vilardaga ◽  
Javier Rizo ◽  
Paige E Palenski ◽  
Paolo Mannelli ◽  
Jason A Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Introduction High rates of tobacco use among people with serious mental illness (SMI), along with their unique needs, suggest the importance of developing tailored smoking cessation interventions for this group. Previous early-phase work empirically validated the design and content of Learn to Quit, a theory-based app designed for this population. Methods In a pilot randomized controlled trial, we compared the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Learn to Quit versus QuitGuide, an app designed for the general population. All participants received nicotine replacement therapy and technical assistance. Daily smokers with SMI (N = 62) participated in the trial with outcomes assessed at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. Results Compared to QuitGuide, Learn to Quit participants had similar number of days of app use (34 vs. 32, p = .754), but larger number of app interactions (335 vs. 205; p = .001), longer durations of app use (4.24 hrs. vs. 2.14 hrs; p = .044), and higher usability scores (85 vs. 79, p = .046). At week 16, Learn to Quit led to greater reductions in cigarettes per day (12.3 vs. 5.9 for QuitGuide; p = 0.10). Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence was verified in 12% of Learn to Quit participants versus 3% of QuitGuide participants (odds ratio = 3.86, confidence interval = 0.41 to 36, p = .239). Changes in psychiatric symptoms and adverse events were not clinically significant between conditions. Conclusions This pilot trial provides strong evidence of Learn to Quit’s usability, feasibility, and safety. Preliminary evidence suggests the app may be efficacious. A randomized controlled efficacy trial is needed to test the app in a larger sample of smokers with SMI. Implications This study suggests that the Learn to Quit app is a feasible approach to deliver smoking cessation treatment in patients with co-occurring tobacco use disorder and SMI. This means that, if found efficacious, this technology could be used to deploy smoking cessation treatment to larger segments of this population, hence improving public health. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial should be conducted to examine the efficacy of this digital intervention.

scholarly journals SLC6A4 STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study

BMC Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Pizzo de Castro ◽  
Michael Maes ◽  
Roberta Guembarovski ◽  
Carolina Ariza ◽  
Edna Maria Reiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Control Study

Performance of Smokers with DSM-5 Tobacco Use Disorder in Time-Based Complex Prospective Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Behrendt ◽  
Matthias Kliegel ◽  
Anja Kräplin ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5

Trends analysis of surgical procedures for cervical degenerative disc disease and myelopathy in patients with tobacco use disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2386-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Grisdela ◽  
Zorica Buser ◽  
Anthony D’Oro ◽  
Permsak Paholpak ◽  
John C. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Degenerative Disc Disease ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Degenerative Disc ◽  
Tobacco Use Disorder ◽  
Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease ◽  
Trends Analysis
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