scholarly journals Seismic Attribute-Aided Characterization of Margin Backstepping and Advance along Isolated Carbonate Sequences, Sirt Basin, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Muneer A. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequences ◽  
Sirt Basin

Isolated carbonate platforms are common and contain significant hydrocarbon accumulations, particularly in the tectonically complex Sirt Basin in Libya. This study investigates the margin cyclicity of two carbonate stratigraphic sequences developed on an isolated carbonate platform in the NW Sirt Basin using 3-D post-stack seismic volume and wireline log data. The two sequences (sequences 4 and 5) are bounded by unconformity surfaces from the base and top. Seismic attributes show that each sequence displays a cycle of margin backstepping followed by margin advance for several hundred meters. This study concludes that the margin backstepping and advance are mainly influenced by sea-level changes. A rapid sea-level rise caused the backstepping, whereas slow sea-level rise caused the margin advance.

scholarly journals Antarctic Ice-Sheet Volume at 18000 Years B.P. and Holocene Sea-Level Changes at the West Antarctic Margin

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (90) ◽  
pp. 213-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Lingle ◽  
James A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
West Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe Antarctic ice sheet has been reconstructed at 18000 years b.p. by Hughes and others (in press) using an ice-flow model. The volume of the portion of this reconstruction which contributed to a rise of post-glacial eustatic sea-level has been calculated and found to be (9.8±1.5) × 106 km3. This volume is equivalent to 25±4 m of eustatic sea-level rise, defined as the volume of water added to the ocean divided by ocean area. The total volume of the reconstructed Antarctic ice sheet was found to be (37±6) × 106 km3. If the results of Hughes and others are correct, Antarctica was the second largest contributor to post-glacial eustatic sea-level rise after the Laurentide ice sheet. The Farrell and Clark (1976) model for computation of the relative sea-level changes caused by changes in ice and water loading on a visco-elastic Earth has been applied to the ice-sheet reconstruction, and the results have been combined with the changes in relative sea-level caused by Northern Hemisphere deglaciation as previously calculated by Clark and others (1978). Three families of curves have been compiled, showing calculated relative sea-level change at different times near the margin of the possibly unstable West Antarctic ice sheet in the Ross Sea, Pine Island Bay, and the Weddell Sea. The curves suggest that the West Antarctic ice sheet remained grounded to the edge of the continental shelf until c. 13000 years b.p., when the rate of sea-level rise due to northern ice disintegration became sufficient to dominate emergence near the margin predicted otherwise to have been caused by shrinkage of the Antarctic ice mass. In addition, the curves suggest that falling relative sea-levels played a significant role in slowing and, perhaps, reversing retreat when grounding lines approached their present positions in the Ross and Weddell Seas. A predicted fall of relative sea-level beneath the central Ross Ice Shelf of as much as 23 m during the past 2000 years is found to be compatible with recent field evidence that the ice shelf is thickening in the south-east quadrant.

scholarly journals Upper Arenig trilobite biostratigraphy and sea-level changes at Lynna River near Volkhov, Russia

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
T. Hansen ◽  
A.T. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Faunal Turnover ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Tentative Interpretation

Over 5000 trilobites have been collected from Lower Ordovician rocks exposed at the Lynna River in the Volkhov region, east of St. Petersburg, Russia. Bed-by-bed sampling has been carried out through the upper part of Volkhov Formation (top of Jeltiaki Member and the entire Frizy Member), the Lynna Formation and the basal part of the Obukhovo Formation. This interval, which is 7.5 metres thick, correlates with the upper part of the Arenig Series, and presumably even ranges into the very base of the Llanvirn. A preliminary biostratigraphical investigation of top Jeltiaki Member (BIIβ), Frizy Member (BIIγ) and basal Lynna Formation (BIIIα) reveals a rather continuous faunal turnover lacking sharp boundaries, and the biostratigraphical zonation (BIIβ–BIIIα) is primarily defined by the index trilobite taxa. The trilobite ranges are generally in agreement with the pattern described by Schmidt in 1907. The abundance ratio between Asaphus and the ptychopygids seems to be related to changes in relative sea level with Asaphus preferring the most shallow water conditions. A tentative interpretation of sea-level changes suggests an initial drowning at the base of BIIγ, immediately followed by a lowstand that in turn was succeeded by a moderate sea-level rise and then a significant fall. The last marks the BIIγ/BIIIα boundary. Correlation with sections in Scandinavia suggests that the basal part of BIIγ is strongly condensed.

scholarly journals The biostratigraphic record of Cretaceous to Paleogene tectono-eustatic relative sea-level change in Jamaica

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Patrick Gold ◽  
James P. G. Fenton ◽  
Manuel Casas-Gallego ◽  
Vibor Novak ◽  
Irene Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Level Curve ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Carbonate Production ◽  
Platform Drowning ◽  
Relative Sea Level Rise ◽  
Strong Control

The island of Jamaica forms the northern extent of the Nicaraguan Rise, an elongate linear tectonic feature stretching as far as Honduras and Nicaragua to the south. Uplift and subaerial exposure of Jamaica during the Neogene has made the island rare within the Caribbean region, as it is the only area where rocks of the Nicaraguan Rise are exposed on land. Biostratigraphic dating and palaeoenvironmental interpretations using larger benthic foraminifera, supplemented by planktonic foraminifera, nannopalaeontology and palynology of outcrop, well and corehole samples has enabled the creation of a regional relative sea-level curve through identification of several depositional sequences. This study recognises ten unconformity-bounded transgressive-regressive sequences which record a complete cycle of relative sea level rise and fall. Sequences are recognised in the Early to ‘Middle’ Cretaceous (EKTR1), Coniacian-Santonian (STR1), Campanian (CTR1), Maastrichtian (MTR1-2), Paleocene-Early Eocene (PETR1), Eocene (YTR1-3) and Late Eocene-Oligocene (WTR1). These transgressive-regressive cycles represent second to fourth order sequences, although most tie with globally recognised third order sequences. Comparisons of the Jamaican relative sea-level curve with other published global mean sea-level curves show that local tectonics exerts a strong control on the deposition of sedimentary sequences in Jamaica. Large unconformities (duration >1 Ma) are related to significant regional tectonic events, with minor overprint of a global eustatic signal, while smaller unconformities (duration <1 Ma) are produced by global eustatic trends. The relatively low rates of relative sea-level rise calculated from the regional relative sea-level curve indicate that carbonate production rates were able to keep pace with the rate of relative sea-level rise accounting for the thick successions of Maastrichtian carbonates and those of the Yellow and White Limestone Groups. Carbonate platform drowning within the White Limestone Group during the Oligocene to Miocene is attributed to environmental deterioration given the low rates of relative sea-level rise.

scholarly journals Characterization of reservoir sands using 3D seismic attributes in the coastal swamp area of Niger Delta Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Khadijat Olaleye ◽  
Pius Adekunle Enikanselu ◽  
Michael Ayuk Ayuk
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Accumulation ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Niger Delta Basin

AbstractHydrocarbon accumulation and production within the Niger Delta Basin are controlled by varieties of geologic features guided by the depositional environment and tectonic history across the basin. In this study, multiple seismic attribute transforms were applied to three-dimensional (3D) seismic data obtained from “Reigh” Field, Onshore Niger Delta to delineate and characterize geologic features capable of harboring hydrocarbon and identifying hydrocarbon productivity areas within the field. Two (2) sand units were delineated from borehole log data and their corresponding horizons were mapped on seismic data, using appropriate check-shot data of the boreholes. Petrophysical summary of the sand units revealed that the area is characterized by high sand/shale ratio, effective porosity ranged from 16 to 36% and hydrocarbon saturation between 72 and 92%. By extracting attribute maps of coherence, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous amplitude and RMS amplitude, characterization of the sand units in terms of reservoir geomorphological features, facies distribution and hydrocarbon potential was achieved. Seismic attribute results revealed (1) characteristic patterns of varying frequency and amplitude areas, (2) major control of hydrocarbon accumulation being structural, in terms of fault, (3) prospective stratigraphic pinch-out, lenticular thick hydrocarbon sand, mounded sand deposit and barrier bar deposit. Seismic Attributes analysis together with seismic structural interpretation revealed prospective structurally high zones with high sand percentage, moderate thickness and high porosity anomaly at the center of the field. The integration of different seismic attribute transforms and results from the study has improved our understanding of mapped sand units and enhanced the delineation of drillable locations which are not recognized on conventional seismic interpretations.

scholarly journals Seismic characterisation of carbonate platforms and reservoirs: an introduction and review

2021 ◽  
pp. SP509-2021-51
Author(s):  
J. Hendry ◽  
P. Burgess ◽  
D. Hunt ◽  
X. Janson ◽  
V. Zampetti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Carbonate Platforms ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
Central Atlantic

AbstractImproved seismic data quality in the last 10–15 years, innovative use of seismic attribute combinations, extraction of geomorphological data, and new quantitative techniques, have significantly enhanced understanding of ancient carbonate platforms and processes. 3D data have become a fundamental toolkit for mapping carbonate depositional and diagenetic facies and associated flow units and barriers, giving a unique perspective how their relationships changed through time in response to tectonic, oceanographic and climatic forcing. Sophisticated predictions of lithology and porosity are being made from seismic data in reservoirs with good borehole log and core calibration for detailed integration with structural, paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic interpretations. Geologists can now characterise entire carbonate platform systems and their large-scale evolution in time and space, including systems with few outcrop analogues such as the Lower Cretaceous Central Atlantic “Pre-Salt” carbonates. The papers introduced in this review illustrate opportunities, workflows, and potential pitfalls of modern carbonate seismic interpretation. They demonstrate advances in knowledge of carbonate systems achieved when geologists and geophysicists collaborate and innovate to maximise the value of seismic data from acquisition, through processing to interpretation. Future trends and developments, including machine learning and the significance of the energy transition, are briefly discussed.

The Ardèche endokarstic responses to the eustatic variations resulting from the Messinian salinity crisis

2006 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Mocochain ◽  
Georges Clauzon ◽  
Jean-Yves Bigot
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Messinian Salinity Crisis ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Delta Progradation ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract The Messinian salinity crisis is typically recorded by evaporites in the abyssal plains of the Mediterranean Sea and by canyons incised into the Mediterranean margins and their hinterlands. However, the impacts of crisis on geomorphology and surface dynamics lasted, until canyons were filled by sediments in the Pliocene (fig. 2). In the mid-Rhône valley, the Ardeche Cretaceous carbonate platform is incised over 600 m by the Rhône Messinian canyon. The canyon thalweg is located – 236 m bsl (below sea level) in the borehole of Pierrelatte [Demarcq, 1960; fig. 1]. During the Pliocene, this canyon was flooded as a ria and infilled by a Gilbert type fan delta [Clauzon and Rubino, 1992; Clauzon et al., 1995]. The whole Messinian-Pliocene third order cycle [Haq et al., 1987] generated four benchmark levels. The first two are [Clauzon, 1996]: (i) The pre-evaporitic abandonment surface which is mapped around the belvedere of Saint-Restitut (fig. 1). This surface is synchronous [Clauzon, 1996] of the crisis onset (5.95 Ma) [Gautier et al., 1994; Krigjsman et al., 1999] and, consequently, is an isochronous benchmark. (ii) The Messinian erosional surface is also an isochronous benchmark due to the fast flooding [Blanc, 2002] of the Rhône canyon, becoming a ria at 5.32 Ma [Hilgen and Langereis, 1988]. These surfaces are the result of endoreic Mediterranean sea level fall more than a thousand meters below the Atlantic Ocean. A huge accommodation space (up to more than 1000 m) was created as sea-level rose up to 80 m above its present-day level (asl) during the Pliocene highstand of cycle TB 3.4 (from 5.32 to 3.8 Ma). During the Lower Pliocene this accommodation space was filled by a Gilbert fan delta. This history yields two other benchmark levels: (i) the marine/non marine Pliocene transition which is an heterochronous surface produced by the Gilbert delta progradation. This surface recorded the Pliocene highstand sea level; (ii) the Pliocene abandonment surface at the top of the Gilbert delta continental wedge. Close to the Rhône-Ardeche confluence, the present day elevations of the four reference levels are (evolution of base-level synthesized in fig. 4): (1) 312 m asl, (2) 236 m bsl, (3) 130 m asl, (4) 190 m asl. The Ardèche carbonate platform underwent karstification both surficial and at depth. The endokarst is characterized by numerous cavities organised in networks. Saint-Marcel Cave is one of those networks providing the most complete record (fig. 5). It opens out on the northern side of the Ardeche canyon at an altitude of 100 m. It is made up by three superposed levels extending over 45 km in length. The lower level (1) is flooded and functionnal. It extends beneath the Ardeche thalweg down to the depth of 10 m bsl reached by divers. The observations collected in the galleries lead us to the conclusion that the karst originated in the vadose area [Brunet, 2000]. The coeval base-level was necessarily below those galleries. The two other levels (middle (2) and upper (3)) are today abandoned and perched. The middle level is about 115 m asl and the upper one is about 185 m asl. They are horizontal and have morphologies specific to the phreatic and temporary phreatic zone of the karst (fig. 6). In literature, the terracing of the Saint-Marcel Cave had been systematically interpreted as the result of the lowering by steps of the Ardeche base-level [Guérin, 1973; Blanc, 1995; Gombert, 1988; Debard, 1997]. In this interpretation, each deepening phase of the base level induces the genesis of the gravitary shaft and the abandonment of the previous horizontal level. The next stillstand of base level leads to the elaboration of a new horizontal level (fig. 7). This explanation is valid for most of Quaternary karsts, that are related to glacioeustatic falls of sea-level. However our study on the Saint-Marcel Cave contests this interpretation because all the shafts show an upward digging dynamism and no hint of vadose sections. The same “per ascensum” hydrodynamism was prevailing during the development of the whole network (figs. 8 and 9). We interpret the development of the Ardeche endokarst as related to the eustatic Messinian-Pliocene cycle TB 3.4/3.5 recorded by the Rhône river. The diving investigations in the flooded part of the Saint-Marcel Cave and also in the vauclusian springs of Bourg-Saint-Andeol reached - 154 m bsl. Those depths are compatible only with the incision of the Messinian Rhône canyon at the same altitude (−236 m bsl). The Saint-Marcel lower level would have develop at that time. The ascending shaping of levels 2 and 3 is thus likely to have formed during the ensuing sea-level rise and highstand during the Pliocene, in mainly two steps: (i) the ria stage controlled by the Mediterranean sea level rise and stillstand; (ii) the rhodanian Gilbert delta progradation, that controlled the genesis of the upper level (fig. 10).

scholarly journals Recent Sea Level Change in the Black Sea from Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauge Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Avşar ◽  
Şenol Kutoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Mean

Global mean sea level has been rising at an increasing rate, especially since the early 19th century in response to ocean thermal expansion and ice sheet melting. The possible consequences of sea level rise pose a significant threat to coastal cities, inhabitants, infrastructure, wetlands, ecosystems, and beaches. Sea level changes are not geographically uniform. This study focuses on present-day sea level changes in the Black Sea using satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. The multi-mission gridded satellite altimetry data from January 1993 to May 2017 indicated a mean rate of sea level rise of 2.5 ± 0.5 mm/year over the entire Black Sea. However, when considering the dominant cycles of the Black Sea level time series, an apparent (significant) variation was seen until 2014, and the rise in the mean sea level has been estimated at about 3.2 ± 0.6 mm/year. Coastal sea level, which was assessed using the available data from 12 tide gauge stations, has generally risen (except for the Bourgas Station). For instance, from the western coast to the southern coast of the Black Sea, in Constantza, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Batumi, Trabzon, Amasra, Sile, and Igneada, the relative rise was 3.02, 1.56, 2.92, 3.52, 2.33, 3.43, 5.03, and 6.94 mm/year, respectively, for varying periods over 1922–2014. The highest and lowest rises in the mean level of the Black Sea were in Poti (7.01 mm/year) and in Varna (1.53 mm/year), respectively. Measurements from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations, which are very close to the tide gauges, also suggest that there were significant vertical land movements at some tide gauge locations. This study confirmed that according to the obtained average annual phase value of sea level observations, seasonal sea level variations in the Black Sea reach their maximum annual amplitude in May–June.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document