Prevalence of Trypanosoma Evansi in Domestic Animals in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh in India

Ethnoveterinary study was undertaken in the Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh for its high population of ethnic people and the livestock. There are 18 species of 17 genera and 16 families found used by ethnic people to cure veterinary diseases of their domestic animals. Habit-wise analysis showed the use of five species each of herbs, shrubs and trees. Leaf (8) is the predominantly used plant part, followed by stem bark and seed (2 each). The species are used in curing seven ailments with 19 practices. Cassia siamea and 11 practices were found to be new.

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Non-Tsetse-Transmitted Animal Trypanosomosis (NTT)

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-6433-2.ch006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-142

Author(s):

William Olaho-Mukani

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Trypanosome Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Animal Industry ◽

Animal Trypanosomosis ◽

National Economies

The non-tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses are infections caused by three main mammalian trypanosome species, namely Trypanosoma evansi, T. equiprdum, and T. vivax. Their global distribution is much wider than tsetse-transmitted trypanosomoses and includes Africa and Latin America, Asia, and Euro-Asia. These trypanosomoses affect a very wide range of domestic animals and game and negatively impact on the development of the animal industry, thus directly affecting national economies and people's livelihoods.

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Trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Uganda II.—Trypanosoma brucei ( Plimmer and Bradford )

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character ◽

10.1098/rspb.1910.0062 ◽

1910 ◽

Vol 83 (561) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Royal Society ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Sleeping Sickness ◽

Tsetse Fly ◽

The North ◽

North Latitude ◽

Coloured Plate

This species was only met with on one occasion during the work of the Commission in 1909. This was in the blood of an ox from the Mabira Rubber Estate (latitude 0° 30′ N., longitude 32° 55′ E.). The manager wrote that the animal came from the Bukedi District, about 100 miles to the north (latitude 1° 50′ N., longitude 32° 40′ E.). Not much is known of this district, as it has only recently come under administration, and therefore it is impossible to say whether the ox was infected in Bukedi or on the journey south. This is the species of trypanosome which was first discovered by Bruce, in 1894, in Zululand, to be the cause of Nagana, or tsetse-fly disease. During the work of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society in 1903, it was also met with in a herd of cattle from the same district of Bukedi, and then described as the “Jinja trypanosome.” It is impossible to name with any certainty the trypanosome seen in 1903, which affected the horses, camels, and dogs of the Abyssinian Boundary Commission. This was described as the “Abyssinian trypanosome.” Its morphology, as given in the coloured plate, shows it to be similar to Trypanosoma brucei , so that in all likelihood it was either this species or the closely related Trypanosoma evansi . As camels were infected, it was more probably the latter.

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Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) in El-Bayadh district, southwestern Algeria

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.21786 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 1631 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. BENFODIL ◽

S. ANSEL ◽

A. MOHAMED-CHERIF ◽

K. AIT-OUDHIA

Keyword(s):

Domestic Animals ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Seroprevalence Rate ◽

Endemic Region ◽

Equus Asinus ◽

Level 3 ◽

Level 1 ◽

The Individual ◽

Associate Risk ◽

Level 2

Trypanosoma evansi is a parasite that causes surra in a variety of wild and domestic animals and is mainly transmitted by biting flies in Africa, Asia and Latin-America. Horses infected by Trypanosoma evansi present a chronic weight loss, icterus, oedema, anemia, abortions and neurological troubles. Due to this parasite, cases of human trypanosomiosis have been reported in different countries by contacting with infected animals. In this study, 206 healthy equines (177 horses and 29 donkeys) from El-Bayadh district, located in southwest Algeria, were tested for the presence of parasites in blood using Giemsa-stained blood films and for the presence of antibodies against T. evansi using CATT /T. evansi. While none of the equines showed detectable parasites in the blood, the individual seroprevalence of T. evansi was found to be 46.6% (CI 95%, 40.7-54.4%). Out of 98 positives samples, 56.1% (55/98) were shown at level 1 (+), 27.5% (27/98) at level 2 (++) and 16.3% (16/98) at level 3 (+++). The results show that out of 177 tested horses, 80 were seropositive to T. evansi, 45.2% (CI 95%, 37.8-52.5%) and out of 29 tested donkeys, 18 were seropositive to T. evansi, 62.1% (CI 95%, 44.4-79.7%). A questionnaire for the owners, targeted to associate risk factors for surra in horses, showed that environmental factors that are favorable for Tabanids, such as water and vegetation, but also promiscuity with dromedaries were positively associated with the seroprevalence rate in the horses. El-Bayadh district is a highly endemic region for surra in Algeria.

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Molecular characterization of pathogenic African trypanosomes in biting flies and camels in surra-endemic areas outside the tsetse fly belt in Kenya

10.1101/2020.06.18.156869 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Merid N. Getahun ◽

Jandouwe Villinger ◽

Joel L. Bargul ◽

Abel Orone ◽

John Ngiela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Animals ◽

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Tsetse Fly ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Host Feeding ◽

Trypanosome Species ◽

African Trypanosomes ◽

Northern Kenya

AbstractBackgroundAfrican animal trypanosomosis is becoming prevalent beyond its traditionally defined geographical boundaries and is a threat to animals beyond the tsetse belts in and outside Africa. However, knowledge of infections with clinically important trypanosome species and their diversity among field-collected hematophagous biting flies and domestic animals is limited mainly to tsetse and their mammalian hosts in tsetse-infested areas. This study aimed to examine the presence of trypanosomes in both biting flies and domestic animals outside the tsetse belt in northern Kenya, potential mechanical vector species, and their host-feeding profiles.MethodsWe screened for pathogenic African trypanosomes in blood samples from domestic animals and field-trapped flies by microscopy and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) gene PCR products. We sequenced kinetoplast maxicircle genes to confirm Trypanosoma brucei detection and the RoTat 1.2 and kinetoplast minicircle genes to differentiate type-A and type-B Trypanosoma evansi, respectively. Further, we identified the hosts that field-trapped flies fed on by PCR-HRM and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes.ResultsHippobosca camelina, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus spp., and Pangonia rueppellii are potential vectors of trypanosomes outside the tsetse belt in Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We identified Trypanosoma spp., including Trypanosoma vivax, T. evansi, T. brucei, and T. congolense in these biting flies as well as in camels (Camelus dromedarius). Trypanosomes detected varied from single up to three trypanosome species in H. camelina and camels in areas where no tsetse flies were trapped. Similar trypanosomes were detected in Glossina pallidipes collected from a tsetse-infested area in Shimba Hills, coastal Kenya, showing the wide geographic distribution of trypanosomes. Furthermore, we show that these biting flies acquired blood meals from camels, cattle, goats, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse Trypanosoma spp. associated with variations in virulence and epidemiology in camels, which suggests that camel trypanosomosis may be due to mixed trypanosome infections rather than only surra (T. evansi), as previously thought.

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