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2022 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 108509
Author(s):  
Marthe A. Høiberg ◽  
John S. Woods ◽  
Francesca Verones

Author(s):  
Pisut Pongchaikul ◽  
Paninee Mongkolsuk

Antibiotic resistance, particularly beta-lactam resistance, is a major problem worldwide. Imipenemase or IMP-type metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) has become a more prominent enzyme, especially in Asia, since it was discovered in the 1990s in Japan. There are currently more than 91 variants of IMP-type enzymes. The most commonly identified variant of IMP-type enzymes is IMP-1 variant. IMP-type MBLs have been identified in more than 10 species in Enterobacterales. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent carrier of IMP-type enzymes worldwide. In Asia, IMP-type MBLs have been distributed in many countries in the region. This work investigated a variety of currently available IMP-type MBLs in both global level and regional level. Out of 88 variants of IMP-type MBLs reported worldwide, only 32 variants were found to have susceptibility profiles. Most of the IMP-type MBLs were resistant to Carbapenems, especially Imipenem and Meropenem, followed by the 3rd generation cephalosporins, and interestingly, monobactams. Our results comprehensively indicated the distribution of IMP-type MBLs in Asia and raised the awareness of the situation of antimicrobial resistance in the region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3361
Author(s):  
Tayane Cristiele Rodrigues Mesquita ◽  
André Pereira Rosa ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges

Estudos indicam que as mudanças climáticas poderão afetar a distribuição global de arboviroses, influenciando fatores como sobrevivência de vetores, patógenos e transmissão viral. Assim, buscou-se nesse estudo realizar uma revisão sistemática dos artigos mais recentes – publicados entre 2015 e 2020 - relativos a essa temática. Após a aplicação de critérios de elegibilidade, 28 artigos foram selecionados para análise. A partir da revisão, verificou-se que as mudanças climáticas poderão afetar a aptidão das regiões para transmissão viral e a distribuição geográfica de mosquitos do gênero Aedes. Contudo, o efeito das mudanças climáticas varia em diferentes regiões, podendo causar expansão ou contração das áreas aptas para a ocorrência de arboviroses. Em geral, verifica-se um potencial crescimento das áreas aptas em regiões temperadas, sobretudo para o A. albopictus. Em regiões tropicais, por outro lado, o aumento da temperatura poderá limitar as áreas, atualmente, consideradas aptas. Embora não seja intuitivo, alguns estudos previram que a mitigação parcial das mudanças climáticas pode ocasionar maior risco de transmissão viral do que nenhuma mitigação. Assim, é possível verificar que a relação entre as mudanças climáticas e a transmissão de arboviroses não é direta e pode variar em diferentes cenários e locais.     Climate Change and its Impact on the Incidence of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review of Recent Studies A B S T R A C TStudies indicate that climate change may affect the global distribution of arboviruses, influencing factors such as vector survival, pathogens, and viral transmission. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the most recent articles - published between 2015 and 2020 - related to this theme. After applying eligibility criteria, 28 papers were selected for analysis. From the review, it was found that climate change may affect the suitability of regions for viral transmission and the geographical distribution of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. However, the effect of climate change varies in different regions, which may cause expansion or contraction of areas suitable for the occurrence of arboviruses. In general, there is a potential for growth in suitable areas within temperate regions, especially for A. albopictus. In tropical regions, on the other hand, the increase in temperature may limit the areas currently considered suitable. Although not intuitive, some studies have predicted that partial mitigation of climate change may lead to a higher risk of viral transmission than no mitigation. Thus, it is possible to verify that the relationship between climate change and the transmission of arboviruses is not direct and may vary in different scenarios and locations.Keywords: Climate; Projection; Aedes; Arboviruses. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
G M Bhat

Climate change is the main driving force that shall affect global distribution of water in future.  It has already effected water variation in some regions in the world including the Himalayan countries which face rapid decline in water reserves. This climate change-driven water variation is likely to affect transboundary water sharing treaties and agreements, and may force the water sharing nations either to conflict or cooperation policies.


Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Jawdhari ◽  
Alharith A. Abdullah

Blockchain is one of the technologies provided by the global distribution of computing power. Simply put, the blockchain is the digital ledger in which transactions are recorded. It all started with a desire to see a new form of security system for transferring confidential files. It aims to achieve many goals like decreasing the process time for transferring files to the other party, and reducing the overall expenses as the files are only transferred across the blockchain network with no need for the files to be uploaded and downloaded to the drive. More effective applications have the ability to share files via the technology of Blockchain. The great challenge is to build a private blockchain environment to send files and distribute them securely between parties, such as military institutions and others. In this paper, a private blockchain is built to overcome the side of the security through a secured file-sharing network. This private Blockchain can be utilized at various institutions. A high scale of security is obtained through using an important algorithm that takes into consideration a critical part of the field of cryptography to robustly encrypt the files. The latter ensures that no individual except for the receiver has the ability to access the files. As well, a sufficient speed was obtained when transferring the files, as compared to Ethereum with FTP. Finally, smart contracts have been designed to suit the transfer of files between nodes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathyana Deeyagahage ◽  
Antonio Ruzzini

The continued emergence and global distribution of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens fuel our perpetual need for new or alternative therapies. Here, we present the discovery and initial characterization of bacterial cell-penetrating AMPs that were based on a family of virulence factors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahn Hornung

In 1908, Hermann Löns outlined the concept of a Quintär” (“Quintary period”) to describe geological and biological manifestations of the Age of Humans. His definition of the “Quintary” consisted of twocomponents: a lithostratigraphical (“Quintary deposits” or “Quintary stratum”), and a faunistic (“Quintary fauna”) one. With a view on the stratigraphical component, Löns already anticipated the approach of the 21st Century to establish a geological definition for the Age of Humansbased on physical manifestations and geological evidence, that is nowadays reflected in the attempts to define the anthropocene. Transposed into modern terminology, the “Quintary stratum” is definedas a lithostratigraphical unit (Quintary Lithosome), that contains all deposits in which non-anthropogenic sedimentary processes have been replaced or modified by anthropogenic or technogenic activity. The Quintary Lithosome has a diachronous base and intercalates in its lower part vertically and laterally with non-anthropogenic deposits of the Holocene Series. The upper part, that correlates with the anthropocene series, has a global distribution. The Quintary Lithosome is exclusively defined for geological stratigraphies on Earth. It widely – though not totally – overlaps with the archaeosphere as a partial equivalent in archaeological stratigraphy. Previous suggestions to redefine the mostrecent period of Earth history by adopting a biostratigraphical scheme based on hominids and their cultural manifestations, are rejected hereinfor the realm of geological stratigraphy. However, for the context of archaeological stratigraphy, it is suggested to define the phase of cultural manifestations of hominins and their corresponding deposits as the Anthropian age and deposits, respectively.


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