"Diversifying entrants, de novo start-ups, and innovation activities: a longitudinal study"

ABSTRACT A longitudinal study of bacteriophages and their hosts was carried out at a broiler house that had been identified as having a population of Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages. Cloacal and excreta samples were collected from three successive broiler flocks reared in the same barn. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from each flock, whereas bacteriophages could be isolated from flocks 1 and 2 but were not isolated from flock 3. The bacteriophages isolated from flocks 1 and 2 were closely related to each other in terms of host range, morphology, genome size, and genetic content. All Campylobacter isolates from flock 1 were genotypically indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE and multilocus sequence typing indicated that this C. jejuni type was maintained from flock 1 to flock 2 but was largely superseded by three genetically distinct C. jejuni types insensitive to the resident bacteriophages. All isolates from the third batch of birds were insensitive to bacteriophages and genotypically distinct. These results are significant because this is the first study of an environmental population of C. jejuni bacteriophages and their influence on the Campylobacter populations of broiler house chickens. The role of developing bacteriophage resistance was investigated as this is a possible obstacle to the use of bacteriophage therapy to reduce the numbers of campylobacters in chickens. In this broiler house succession was largely due to incursion of new genotypes rather than to de novo development of resistance.

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Book Reviews

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.49.4.1230.r20 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1291-1294

Keyword(s):

Firm Growth ◽

De Novo ◽

Firm Dynamics ◽

Assistant Professor ◽

Entrepreneurial Firms ◽

New Firms ◽

Industrial Economics ◽

National University ◽

Knowledge Intensive ◽

Start Ups

Markus Taussig of National University of Singapore reviews “Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship: The Birth, Growth and Demise of Entrepreneurial Firms” by Frédéric Delmar and Karl Wennberg. The EconLit abstract of the reviewed work begins, “Investigates the entrepreneurial processes of new firms' emergence, growth, and eventual demise and exit in the modern knowledge-intensive economy. Discusses the role of entrepreneurship and new firm dynamics for economic development; the knowledge intensive sector--theoretical concerns, research design, and data; the birth of new firms--the geography connection; firm exit; de novo and spinout start-ups--the organizational connection; and firm growth. Delmar is at EMLYON Business School and the Research Institute of Industrial Economics. Wennberg is Assistant Professor at the Stockholm School of Economics. Index.”

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Technological Disruptions, GVCs, and Industrial Policy

The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Policy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198862420.013.19 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 484-504

Author(s):

David Bailey ◽

Lisa De Propris

Keyword(s):

Industrial Policy ◽

New Technologies ◽

High Technology ◽

Value Chains ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Start Ups ◽

The Impact ◽

Technology Industries ◽

High Technology Industries

This chapter examines the impact of technological change on global value chains (GVCs) and what initiatives and instruments governments in advanced economies can deploy to support firms and people during the transition. Drawing on an emerging debate on de-globalization, we discuss how global production is slowly shifting from being organized in GVCs to continental platforms with shorter and geographically closer relationships as firms seek to co-locate manufacturing and innovation activities. This offers regions and places the opportunity to upgrade and transform their economies and thereby to anchor high-technology industries, leveraging industrial legacy with frontier technologies. We will discuss the implications for a transformative place-based industrial policy that aims to connect embedded industries to new technologies; to repopulate embedded industries with new firms and start-ups, and to use regulation and procurement to create new markets and allow exploration.

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