scholarly journals Tourism Activities of the Organization “Force through Joy” as a Legitimation Factor of the Nazi Political and Legal Regime (1933-1939)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Raisat Saidovna Izudinova ◽  
Andrey Yuryevich Mordovtsev ◽  
Evgenia Andreevna Vasilkova ◽  
Tatyana Vasilyevna Mordovtseva ◽  
Evgenii A. Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Working Community

The article identifies and analyzes the most important area of the organization “Strength through Joy” and its contribution to the support of the Hitler regime by industrial workers in Germany. Created by the Nazis under the auspices of the German Labor Front, which replaced the traditional trade unions, this organization made one of the main emphasis on the mass cultivation of tourism on favorable terms in the ranks of the working community. Having become one of the most important areas of social policy in the Third Reich, the tourism activities of the “Force through Joy” served as one of the effective means of legitimizing Nazi power in the eyes of that part of German society that initially took a hostile position towards them.

Rituals of Humiliation

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Edward B. Westermann
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
Killing Fields ◽  
The Third Reich

This chapter evaluates the significance of ritual and symbolism to the construction and manifestation of power under National Socialism. It underlines the importance of practices such as the mammoth party rallies at Nuremberg, the universal displays of the swastika on flags, pins, and armbands and the ubiquitous use of “Heil Hitler” as the standard greeting of the Third Reich under the Nazi regime. The chapter also contends that the creation of Nazi power was accomplished in no small measure by the use of ritual, and, in fact, ritual in the Third Reich served as an expression of “social power” that extended into virtually all aspects of German society. These celebratory events of Nazi power involved daily acts of verbal or physical humiliation of Jews, communists, and socialists, as well as organized and exemplary episodes of abusive behavior. Ultimately, the chapter studies the symbiotic relationship between violence, competition, and male comradeship and how it became manifest in the actions, rituals, and celebratory practices of Nazi paramilitary organizations through acts of humiliation by SS and policemen on the streets, in the concentration camps, and in the killing fields.

Health Reform and Race Hygiene: Adventists and the Biomedical Vision of the Third Reich

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Blaich
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Church

German Seventh-day Adventists entered the Nazi era with apprehension. As a foreign sect which resembled Judaism in many respects, Adventists were particularly threatened by a society based on the principle of völkisch racism. Yet the new state also had much to offer them, for it held the prospect of new opportunities for the church. The Nazi state banished the scourge of liberalism and godless Bolshevism, it restored conservative standards in the domestic sphere, and it took effective steps to return German society to a life in harmony with nature—a life Adventists had long championed.

REACTIONS OF GERMAN SOCIETY TO COUP ATTEMPT OF 20TH JULY 1944

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Sebastian FIKUS
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Coup Attempt

Huge, spontaneous support given to Hitler by the overwhelming majority of the German society after 20 July 1944 proves that the element integrating the Third Reich was by no means Gestapo terror. The overwhelming majority driven by fanaticism, thoughtlessness, love of comfort or previously acquired bad historical traditions supported the Nazi regime with complete commitment. But the reactions of the German society to the coup attempt also show to the fullest extent how much the Third Reich dissidents were isolated from it. Great solitude of the combatants of the coup of July 20, 1944 and their alienation is a huge accusation of the remaining part of the society.

scholarly journals Upamiętnianie zagłady Sinti i Romów przed i po zjednoczeniu Niemiec – wstęp do problematyki

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Paweł Popieliński ◽  
Piotr Jacek Krzyżanowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Post War ◽  
Memorial Sites

The authors of this article focus on showing the genesis of the situation and the attitude towards Sinti and Roma in the Third Reich and post-war Germany. They deal with the issue of commemorating the persecution and genocide of this community in post-war and reunified Germany. The article also indicates a selection of some of the most important memorial sites in Germany dedicated to Sinti and Roma. The genocide of Sinti and Roma represents an important turning point in their history. In line with the racist policy of the Third Reich, they were outlawed and sentenced to extermination. The subject of the Sinti and Roma extermination was long absent in the public discourse of post-war Germany and in the consciousness of society. While the Federal Republic of Germany recognised the Jewish victims fairly quickly, the Sinti and Roma genocide was ignored. The official version of the narrative stated that Sinti and Roma were persecuted in Nazi Germany not because of racist policies but because of social maladjustment (Asoziale). It was only in the 1980s that places devoted to the persecution and extermination of Sinti and Roma began to be commemorated.The present memory of the victims and the recognition of the rights of Sinti and Roma in Germany are the result of their ethnic mobilisation and long and hard-won campaigns for equal participation in society. Today, the commemoration of the wrongs suffered by Sinti and Roma during the Nazi regime is an important step for German society in dealing with its past.

Nazi Berlin and the Grosses Schauspielhaus

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90
Author(s):  
Yvonne Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
German Society ◽  
International Congress ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Spree River ◽  
Growing Population

The Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin was a theatrical showplace in several incarnations. The building itself was initially a great market situated near the Spree River in the center of Berlin. In the latter part of the nineteenth century it was converted to an enormous circus which drew crowds to see outstanding exhibitions of horsemanship and other circus acts. It also served as a great meeting hall for such events as Robert Koch's international congress dealing with tuberculosis in 1890. The large amphitheatre in the huge building was a symbol of the growing population of Berlin and its increasing prosperity. The history of the various uses to which the theatre was put in the twentieth century is an important reflection of the changes in German society in this period. During the time of the Third Reich it was an important element in culture and propaganda under the direction of Dr. Joseph Goebbels. This paper will analyze the unusual architecture of the theatre and the productions of several plays which were important during the Third Reich.

Nazi Plans for Dominating Germany and Europe: Domestic Crimes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Kircheimer
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Domestic Law

This chapter discusses the criminal responsibility of the Nazis for their violations of German domestic law, including the suppression of labor organizations and political parties. It first considers the expected plea by the Nazi Defense that the war crimes of which the prisoners are accused were in fact authorized by the laws of the Third Reich. It then shows how—and under what pretexts—the Nazis went about the organization of their system of terror. In particular, it emphasizes the role of the police as an instrument of repression and notes that the opposition parties were driven underground, the elections were rigged, and the trade unions were taken over. The chapter examines two types of agencies employed by Nazi Germany: the “legal terror,” which operated by way of the courts and the application of Nazi laws, and the police and organizational terror, which applied force directly.

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