scholarly journals Lodgepole pine and trembling aspen competition: Neighbourhood studies within 22 to 39 year-old pine plantations of northern British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (03) ◽  
pp. 226-240
Author(s):  
by George Harper
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Competition Indices

Six lodgepole pine plantations located within the Sub Boreal Spruce (SBS) biogeoclimatic zone of the northern interior of British Columbia were chosen to study the impacts of neighbourhood aspen competition on the growth of planted lodgepole pine (22–39 years old). At each site, 30 pine trees (CP) were selected as plot centres across the observed range of aspen competition. Information on the six nearest neighbours (NN) and a variety of competition indices were evaluated using linear and nonlinear models. Competition indices based on diameter or height relative to size were found as the best overall predictors of CP growth. Proximity of NN to the CP was found to be inconsistent as a predictor of growth. Individual pine and aspen NN modelling suggested aspen competition had the greatest influence on CP growth restriction. The results do not support aspen thresholds for optimizing the growth of free growing pine plantations. It is recommended that performance-based standards be developed that account for aspen competition intensity and provide guidance for the management of pine stand productivity.

scholarly journals Spore Dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum in Northwest British Columbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Boateng ◽  
Kathy J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

We studied spore dispersal by Dothistroma septosporum, causal agent of a serious outbreak of red band needle blight in lodgepole pine plantations in northwest British Columbia. Spore abundance was assessed at different distances and heights from inoculum sources and microclimatic factors were recorded during two consecutive years. Conidia were observed on spore traps from June to September during periods of rainfall. It was rare to detect spores more than 2 m away from inoculum sources. The timing and number of conidia dispersed were strongly tied to the climatic variables, particularly rainfall and leaf wetness. Should the trend toward increased spring and summer precipitation in the study area continue, the results suggest that disease spread and intensification will also increase. Increasing the planting distances between lodgepole pine trees through mixed species plantations and overall reduction in use of lodgepole pine for regeneration in wet areas are the best strategies to reduce the spread of the disease and enhance future productivity of plantations in the study area.

Species diversity and forest health in northwest British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J Woods
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Needle Blight

Forest management in the Interior Cedar Hemlock (ICH) zone of the Kispiox TSA in northwest British Columbia has focused on two tree species. Interior spruce (Picea engelmanni Parry ex Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.) have dominated plantations, while historically, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), true firs (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. and (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), have dominated the landscape. Tomentosus root disease (Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng) and Dothistroma needle blight (Mycosphaerella pini Rostr. in Munk) are the principal diseases affecting interior spruce and lodgepole pine plantations, respectively. Tomentosus root disease was found in 92% of spruce-dominated stands 100 years and older in the study area. The annual recruitment of dead interior spruce and lodgepole pine tree volume due to the disease in those stands is 4.29 m3/ha or 51 990 m3. The incidence of Tomentosus root disease in ten randomly selected spruce leading plantations aged 25–30 years ranged from 0.6% to 10.4% and averaged 5.9% of the host trees. Dothistroma needle blight was the most prevalent pest in a survey of 100 randomly selected lodgepole pine plantations and has caused considerable crop tree mortality. The disease has even caused mortality in 55-year-old lodgepole pine trees. Maintaining species diversity is essential to long-term forest health. Intensive planting of interior spruce and lodge-pole pine in this study area appears to have exacerbated disease problems. Key words: forest health, species diversity, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Tomentosus root disease, Dothistroma needle blight

Soil properties and lodgepole pine growth on rehabilitated landings in northeastern British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bulmer ◽  
M. Krzic
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Pine Trees

We determined post-establishment tree growth and soil properties on rehabilitated log landings and forest plantation sites with medium texture in northeastern British Columbia. Six years after rehabilitation treatments were applied, 60% of rehabilitated landing plots had more than 1000 stems ha-1, while 17% had fewer than 600 stems ha-1. The average height of undamaged lodgepole pine trees on rehabilitated landings was consistently lower than for trees of the same age on plantations. Surface (0–7 cm) and subsurface (10–17 cm) soil bulk densities were higher for rehabilitated landings than for adjacent plantations. Rehabilitated landing and plantation soils had similar values of total and aeration porosity. Plantation soils had higher available water storage capacity (AWSC) than rehabilitated soils. Soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than for plantation soils at the same depth. Soils on both rehabilitated landings and plantations showed an increase in mechanical resistance from June to September 2001. With the exception of June 2001, soil mechanical resistance after landing rehabilitation was often higher than 2500 kPa. For surface mineral soils, there were no differences in total C, N, or cation exchange capacity (CEC) between rehabilitated landings and plantations. Rehabilitated landing soils had significantly higher total C and N at 10–17 cm depth than plantation soils, which coincided with higher clay content for the landing subsoils. Key words: Forest soil rehabilitation, soil degradation, soil productivity, soil conservation

Chemosystematic studies in the genus Pinus. V. Variation in the leaf oil terpene composition of young and old lodgepole pine trees from different moisture regimes near Prince George, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff ◽  
Martin S. Lapp ◽  
R. G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Resin Canals

The leaf oil terpene composition of lodgepole pine stands from contrasting moisture regimes (400–1200 mm precipitation) within upland and bog sites in the Prince George area of central British Columbia was investigated. In addition to the terpene patterns recorded previously, a new one with relatively high percentages (5–28%) of the terpinene group was found. This pattern was encountered mainly in old trees with very low yields (less than 0.1%) of volatile oil, especially in trees from shaded stands. The absence of resin canals in the leaves of such trees may be the reason for the low yields, but the reason for the link with relatively high terpinene group percentages is obscure. Young trees growing in the vicinity of such stands had mainly the normal patterns. No differences between upland and bog sites or dry and wet sites were found in young trees. Hence, old trees from bogs or wet sites east of Prince George provided progeny with the normal terpene patterns, even though many of the old trees have the new terpene pattern. Samples from two 12- to 13-year-old provenance trials originating from west and east of Prince George had terpene patterns similar to those of the young trees from the natural stands.

Toppling in British Columbia's Lodgepole Pine Plantations: Significance, Cause and Prevention

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Burdett ◽  
P. A. F. Martin ◽  
H. Coates ◽  
R. Eremko
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Root Morphogenesis ◽  
Primary Lateral

Young trees sometimes lean, or topple by pivoting about a point below the ground. Geotropic curvature in the lower part of the stem restores the leading shoot to the vertical. The resultant stem bowing reduces potential lumber recovery, and is associated with reaction wood formation. Toppling has occurred in lodgepole pine (Pinus conforta Dougl.) plantations throughout British Columbia. Generally the number of trees affected has been small; although in the southern interior of the province the majority of trees in some plantations have toppled. In areas where toppling in planted trees has occurred, naturally established lodgepole pine is relatively stable. Since planted trees are usually of the native provenance, this suggests that toppling in plantations is primarily the result of nursery and planting effects on root morphology. More normal root morphogenesis, and hence greater stability can be achieved by planting young seedlings that retain the capacity to initiate primary lateral roots. Pruning the lateral roots of older stock provides another approach. A chemical method for pruning lateral roots of container-grown lodgepole pine seedlings has been developed and adopted commercially in British Columbia and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Carbon storage recovery in surviving lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) 11 years after mountain pine beetle attack in northern British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390
Author(s):  
Jesse McEwen ◽  
Arthur L. Fredeen ◽  
Thomas G. Pypker ◽  
Vanessa N. Foord ◽  
T. Andrew Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growth Release ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Highly Correlated

We studied the recovery of tree- and stand-level carbon (C) storage in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forest in northern British Columbia that experienced substantial (∼83%) mortality in 2006–2007 (total loss by 2013 = 86%) during a severe mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) infestation. Earlier work suggested that this forest recovered positive annual C storage 3 years after attack based on eddy covariance measurements. We sought to confirm these results by examining C storage in surviving pine trees using tree core analysis. Average growth release of surviving lodgepole pine trees was 392% (range of –53% to 2326%) compared with mean decadal growth prior to MPB attack. Nearly 97% of trees underwent a growth release, considerably higher than the 15%–75% reported for lodgepole pine in previous studies. Mean annual stem C storage of the surviving trees in this study was highly correlated (r = 0.88) with 10 years of annual net ecosystem productivity estimates made using the eddy covariance technique, indicating that surviving lodgepole pine remain an important part of C recovery after MPB attack. Mean annual stem C storage was also highly correlated (r = 0.92) with the cumulative percentage of downed stems per hectare at the site, suggesting that increased availability of resources is likely assisting the growth release.

Predicted impacts of hard pine stem rusts on lodgepole pine dominated stands in central British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J Woods ◽  
Albert Nussbaum ◽  
Bill Golding
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Trees

We developed two models to predict volume loss due to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) and comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae Peck) on juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) dominated stands in central British Columbia. The models suggest that volume loss is significantly and positively correlated to the incidence of comandra blister rust. The relationship between volume loss and western gall rust incidence was weak. The addition of stand density data improved the statistical fit of the model. We used the growth and yield model Tree and stand simulator (TASS) to predict volume at culmination age (age at which the merchantable mean annual increment was maximized) in thirty 1-ha stem-mapped stands. The lodgepole pine trees we stem mapped were also assessed for hard pine stem rust incidence. We developed our volume loss functions assuming that trees with stem infections of both comandra blister rust and western gall rust were lethal, and that infected trees would die from ages 21 to 40. In areas where comandra blister rust is common, the losses due to the disease can be considerable. We predict that the volume losses due to hard pine stem rusts in lodgepole pine dominated stands are as high as 7.2% by culmination age.

Spiral phyllotaxis of needle fascicles on branches and scales on cones in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: Are they influenced by wood-grain spiral?

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L Fredeen ◽  
Jeanne A Horning ◽  
Robert W Madill
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fibonacci Numbers ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wood Grain ◽  
The Relationship

Neither the relationship between the chirality of spiral phyllotaxis and spiral wood grain nor the cause or ontogeny of such a relationship has been examined previously. To this end, chirality of the spiral in phyllotaxis of needle fascicles and cone scales were contrasted with wood-grain spiral in seedlings, young, and mature trees of Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in central British Columbia. To assess chirality of phyllotaxis, the relationship between numbers of contact parastichies and chirality of phyllotaxis in scales on cones and needle fascicles on branchlets was determined. Three or 8 clockwise acropetal contact parastichies were indicative of a clockwise generative spiral, while totals of 2, 5, or 13 clockwise acropetal parastichies were indicative of a counter-clockwise generative spiral. Lodgepole pine trees were nearly always chimeric, i.e., having clockwise and counter-clockwise phyllotaxis on the same individual, but there was a high overall correspondence between the chirality of phyllotaxis in cone scales and subtending needle fascicles. Seedlings (<1.5 years old) had no measurable wood-grain angle and clockwise and counter-clockwise phyllotaxis occurred in equal proportions. However, young trees (13–15 years since planting) had a pronounced clockwise bias to their wood-grain spiral in contrast with a counter-clockwise bias in phyllotaxis. In contrast, mature trees ([Formula: see text]100 years old) had the reverse trend and exhibited a counter-clockwise bias in wood-grain spiral but a clockwise bias in phyllotaxis. A model is proposed to explain how chirality of spiral wood grain could generate an inverse bias in the chirality of phyllotaxis in lodgepole pine.Key words: lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia, phyllotaxis, generative spiral, Fibonacci numbers, spiral wood grain.

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