scholarly journals Analysis of the karyotype of Callisia elegans Alexand. (Commelinaceae) including differential staining of chromosomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Unequal Size ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers

The number and morphology of <em>Callisia elegans</em> Alexand. chromosomes were studied employing staining with acetic carmine and differential Giemsa staining. It was found that its karyotype was 2n = 12 chromosomes, whose lengths fell in the range of 16.8 to 8.8 µm. The chomosomes, arranged in order of length, were classified respectively to types: sm, t, t, t, t, st. The distribution of C-banding is given for this karyotype. The presence of microsatellites on the long and short arms was found in the chromosomes of the second pair. Frequently there were 4 nucleoli of unequal size in interphase nuclei. In many cells, lower numbers of nucleoli (3-1) were seen which was -probably due to their fusion. The maximum number of nucleoli corresponded to the number of nucleolar organizers accompanying the satellites.

Identification of the somatic chromosomes of Psathyrostachys fragilis (Poaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Linde-Laursen ◽  
R. von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
C And N

The karyotype of the outbreeding P. fragilis (2n = 2x = 14) was investigated by Feulgen staining and by C-, N-, and Ag-banding techniques. The complement consisted of 14 large chromosomes, 8 metacentrics and 6 satellite (SAT) chromosomes, probably among the longest within the Poaceae. Two SAT-chromosome pairs carried small, and one pair carried minute, polymorphic, completely heterochromatic satellites. Each chromosome could be referred to one of the seven chromosome pairs by its C-banding pattern. The patterns comprised from zero to three conspicuous, but not large bands per chromosome resulting in an overall low content of constitutive heterochromatin (<4%). The C-banded karyotype of P. fragilis differed from any previously reported in the Triticeae. Six of seven chromosome pairs were polymorphic either for C-banding patterns or satellite size (or for both). N-banding gave no differential staining of chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining established that the nucleolar organizers had different nucleolus-forming capacities. The presence of the small and minute satellites was more consistently demonstrated after C- and N-banding than after Feulgen staining.Key words: Triticeae, Poaceae, karyotype, C-, N-, and Ag-banding.

scholarly journals Cytogenetical analyses in three fish species of the genus Pimelodus(Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio São Francisco: considerations about the karyotypical evolution in the genus

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Garcia ◽  
Orlando Moreira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Markers ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Species Specific

Karyotypes and other chromosomal markers were investigated in three species of the catfish genus Pimelodus, namely P. fur, P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., from municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using differential staining techniques (C-banding, Silver nitrate and CMA3 staining). The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 56 in P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., while in P. fur 2n = 54. The karyotype of P. fur consisted in 32M + 8SM + 6ST + 8A with fundamental number (NF) of 100, that of P. maculatus 32M + 12SM + 12A with NF = 112, and that of Pimelodus sp. had 32M + 12Sm + 6ST + 6A with NF = 106.The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in all three species were invariably detected in telomeres of longer arm of the 20th chromosome pair. These sites were also positive after CMA3 and C-banding. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected and C-banding pattern was species specific. Inferences about the karyotype differentiation in Pimelodus and putative chromosomal rearrangements are hypohesized.

A direct technique for the preparation of chromosomes from early equine embryos

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Romagnano ◽  
W. Allan King ◽  
Claude-Lise Richer ◽  
Marie-Antoinette Perrone
Keyword(s):  
Cell Loss ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Direct Technique

A technique is described for the preparation of banded chromosomes from early equine embryos cultured for less than 10 h in a medium containing bromodeoxyuridine. In addition to standard Giemsa staining and C-banding, chromosomes thus prepared can also be R-banded by either the RBA or the RB-FPG methods. This technique is rapid, repeatable, and limits cell loss, making it ideal for the preparation of early embryos.Key words: embryos, chromosomes, banding, horse, cow.

G and/or C-bands in plant chromosomes?

1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
I. Schubert ◽  
R. Rieger ◽  
P. Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Plant Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolus Organizing Region ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Simple Sequence

Similarities and differences become evident from comparisons of centromeric and non-centromeric banding patterns in plant and animal chromosomes. Similar to C and G-banding in animals (at least most of the reptiles, birds and mammals), centromeric and nucleolus-organizing region bands as well as interstitially and/or terminally located non-centromeric bands may occur in plants, depending on the kind and strength of pretreatment procedures. The last group of bands may sometimes be subdivided into broad regularly occurring ‘marker’ bands and thinner bands of more variable appearance. Non-centromeric bands in plants often correspond to blocks of constitutive heterochromatin that are rich in simple sequence DNA and sometimes show polymorphism; they thus resemble C-bands. However, most of these bands contain late-replicating DNA. Also they are sometimes rich A X T base-pairs, closely adjacent to each other and positionally identical to Feulgen+ and Q+ bands, thus being comparable to mammalian G-bands. Although banding that is reverse to the non-centromeric bands after Giemsa staining is still uncertain in plants, reverse banding patterns can be obtained with Feulgen or with pairs of A X T versus G X C-specific fluorochromes. It is therefore concluded that not all of the plant Giemsa banding patterns correspond to C-banding of mammalian chromosomes. Before the degree of homology between different Giemsa banding patterns in plants and G and/or C-bands in mammals is finally elucidated, the use of the neutral term ‘Giemsa band’, specified by position (e.g. centromeric, proximal, interstitial, terminal), is suggested to avoid confusion.

Differential Giemsa staining in plants IV. C-Banding in Avena strigosa

1976 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHENG-TIAN YEN ◽  
W. GARY FILION
Keyword(s):  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Avena Strigosa

POLYMORPHISM IN THE GIEMSA C-BANDING PATTERN OF RYE CHROMOSOMES

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lelley ◽  
K. Josifek ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Extensive polymorphism was found with regard to the presence and size of Giemsa-staining bands in the chromosomes of six inbred lines of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). The amount of polymorphism differed from chromosome to chromosome, with 6R being the most variable and 3R or 7R the least.

scholarly journals Orcein and Fluorescent Banding Analysis of Two Floral Types of Catharanthus Roseus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Tanusree Datta ◽  
Meghla Saha Pinky ◽  
Chandan Kumar Dash ◽  
Kazi Nahida Begum
Keyword(s):  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Continuous Type ◽  
Fluorescent Banding ◽  
Banding Analysis ◽  
Taxonomical Status ◽  
Gradient Type ◽  
Combined Data

Two floral types of Catharanthus roseus L. viz. pink and white were studied through differential staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI for cytogenetical characterization and to assist towards updating their taxonomical status and evaluating chromosomal diversity between them. "Simple Chromocenter Type" of interphase nuclei was observed with some darkly stained small heterochromatic regions throughout the nuclei. Most of the prophase chromosomes of Catharanthus roseus (pink and white) were "Continuous Type" and a few were "Gradient Type". Although these two floral types possessed 16 metacentric chromosomes in somatic cells, they showed variation in fluorescent banding pattern considering the modification of GC- and AT-rich repetitive segments. Taking into account all the parameters of both the floral types of C. roseus showed strict symmetric karyotype as well as primitive nature. Therefore, the combined data of differential staining provide information to make comments on their chromosomal status with cytogenetical characterization and also create a baseline for future research. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 219-227, 2020 (July)

scholarly journals Karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Belosacris coccineipes (Acrididae-Leptysminae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Loreto ◽  
Maria José de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Several techniques including C-banding, fluorochromes and silver staining were used to obtain information about heterochromatin patterns in the grasshopper B. coccineipes. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 23 chromosomes in males and 2n = 24 in females, as well as XO:XX sex determination and acrotelocentric chromosomes. The medium-sized X chromosome was heteropycnotic positive at the beginning of prophase I and negative in metaphase I. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining in this species showed three small bivalents (S9-S11) as nucleolar organizers with NORs located in the pericentromeric regions. CMA3-positive blocks were seen in pericentromeric regions of pairs M6, S9, S10 and S11. Sequential staining with CMA3/AgNO3 revealed homology between the CMA3-positive bands and NORs of the bivalents S9, S10 and S11. The CMA3-positive block of the bivalent M6 could represent a latent secondary NOR. The results obtained permit us to distinguish two categories of the constitutive heterochromatin in B. coccineipes.

A Comparative Chromosome Mapping Study in Japanese Podismini Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Grzywacz ◽  
Haruki Tatsuta ◽  
Kei-ichiro Shikata ◽  
Elżbieta Warchałowska-Śliwa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Karyotypic Diversity ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Staining Techniques

In the present paper, karyotypes of 7 Japanese Podismini species, Anapodisma beybienkoi, Fruhstorferiola okinawaensis, Parapodisma caelestis, P. mikado, P. setouchiensis, P. tenryuensis, and Sinopodisma punctata (2n♂ = 21, all acrocentric), are described and compared on the basis of conventional (C-banding, DAPI/CMA3-staining, Ag-NOR) and molecular (FISH with 18S rDNA and telomeric probes) cytogenetic staining methods. This is the first study to report karyotypes of A. beybienkoi and P. caelestis. Differential staining techniques showed karyotypic diversity in these species. The number of 18S rDNA signals ranged from 2 to 6, and the signals were located on the autosomes or sex chromosomes. In all species, clusters of rDNA coincided with Ag-NORs. Telomeric signals occurred at the chromosome ends at the pachytene stage and seldom at other stages of meiosis. Paracentromeric and some distal and interstitial blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were detected in the chromosomes of Anapodisma, Fruhstorferiola, and Parapodisma species. Staining with DAPI and CMA3 revealed 2 groups of heterochromatin composition. In addition, intraspecific differences in the number of rDNA clusters and C-bands were observed within Parapodisma species. Based on the evidence of cytogenetic characteristics, the monophyly of Tonkinacridina cannot be supported.

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