A Comparative Chromosome Mapping Study in Japanese Podismini Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae)

In the present paper, karyotypes of 7 Japanese Podismini species, Anapodisma beybienkoi, Fruhstorferiola okinawaensis, Parapodisma caelestis, P. mikado, P. setouchiensis, P. tenryuensis, and Sinopodisma punctata (2n♂ = 21, all acrocentric), are described and compared on the basis of conventional (C-banding, DAPI/CMA3-staining, Ag-NOR) and molecular (FISH with 18S rDNA and telomeric probes) cytogenetic staining methods. This is the first study to report karyotypes of A. beybienkoi and P. caelestis. Differential staining techniques showed karyotypic diversity in these species. The number of 18S rDNA signals ranged from 2 to 6, and the signals were located on the autosomes or sex chromosomes. In all species, clusters of rDNA coincided with Ag-NORs. Telomeric signals occurred at the chromosome ends at the pachytene stage and seldom at other stages of meiosis. Paracentromeric and some distal and interstitial blocks of constitutive heterochromatin were detected in the chromosomes of Anapodisma, Fruhstorferiola, and Parapodisma species. Staining with DAPI and CMA3 revealed 2 groups of heterochromatin composition. In addition, intraspecific differences in the number of rDNA clusters and C-bands were observed within Parapodisma species. Based on the evidence of cytogenetic characteristics, the monophyly of Tonkinacridina cannot be supported.

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Cytogenetical analyses in three fish species of the genus Pimelodus(Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio São Francisco: considerations about the karyotypical evolution in the genus

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/s1679-62252005000200006 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Caroline Garcia ◽

Orlando Moreira Filho

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Pair ◽

Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽

Nucleolar Organizer ◽

Differential Staining ◽

Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽

C Banding ◽

Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽

Chromosomal Markers ◽

Staining Techniques ◽

Species Specific

Karyotypes and other chromosomal markers were investigated in three species of the catfish genus Pimelodus, namely P. fur, P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., from municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil, using differential staining techniques (C-banding, Silver nitrate and CMA3 staining). The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 56 in P. maculatus and Pimelodus sp., while in P. fur 2n = 54. The karyotype of P. fur consisted in 32M + 8SM + 6ST + 8A with fundamental number (NF) of 100, that of P. maculatus 32M + 12SM + 12A with NF = 112, and that of Pimelodus sp. had 32M + 12Sm + 6ST + 6A with NF = 106.The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in all three species were invariably detected in telomeres of longer arm of the 20th chromosome pair. These sites were also positive after CMA3 and C-banding. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected and C-banding pattern was species specific. Inferences about the karyotype differentiation in Pimelodus and putative chromosomal rearrangements are hypohesized.

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CHROMOSOMES AND DNA OF MICROTUS II. CONFIRMATION OF DELETION OF CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN IN M. AGRESTIS CELLS IN VITRO

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g77-057 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 537-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. E. K. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Line ◽

Cell Lines ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

The Other ◽

Microtus Agrestis ◽

C Banding

The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin has been examined by C-banding in two somatic cell lines, grown in vitro, from a female Microtus agrestis. One line retains one intact X chromosome together with the short arm of the other X chromosome, while the other cell line retains only the short arm of one X chromosome. Thus, each cell line has lost substantial amounts of heterochromatin from the sex chromosomes, but this material has been deleted from the cells, and not translocated to other chromosomes. Nonetheless, both cell lines continue to propagate well in vitro.

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Identification of the somatic chromosomes of Psathyrostachys fragilis (Poaceae)

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g84-070 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 430-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. Linde-Laursen ◽

R. von Bothmer

Keyword(s):

Silver Nitrate ◽

Banding Pattern ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Differential Staining ◽

Feulgen Staining ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

C Banding ◽

Nucleolar Organizers ◽

Silver Nitrate Staining ◽

C And N

The karyotype of the outbreeding P. fragilis (2n = 2x = 14) was investigated by Feulgen staining and by C-, N-, and Ag-banding techniques. The complement consisted of 14 large chromosomes, 8 metacentrics and 6 satellite (SAT) chromosomes, probably among the longest within the Poaceae. Two SAT-chromosome pairs carried small, and one pair carried minute, polymorphic, completely heterochromatic satellites. Each chromosome could be referred to one of the seven chromosome pairs by its C-banding pattern. The patterns comprised from zero to three conspicuous, but not large bands per chromosome resulting in an overall low content of constitutive heterochromatin (<4%). The C-banded karyotype of P. fragilis differed from any previously reported in the Triticeae. Six of seven chromosome pairs were polymorphic either for C-banding patterns or satellite size (or for both). N-banding gave no differential staining of chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining established that the nucleolar organizers had different nucleolus-forming capacities. The presence of the small and minute satellites was more consistently demonstrated after C- and N-banding than after Feulgen staining.Key words: Triticeae, Poaceae, karyotype, C-, N-, and Ag-banding.

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The karyology of Vipera aspis, V. atra, V. hugyi, and Cerastes vipera

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/156853806776052209 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gaetano Odierna ◽

Augusto Gentilli ◽

Marco Zuffi ◽

Gennaro Aprea

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Pair ◽

Current Paper ◽

W Chromosome ◽

C Banding ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Staining Methods ◽

Almost All ◽

Vipera Aspis

AbstractIn the current paper we show the results obtained using standard and banding staining methods (Ag-NOR-, CMA3-, C-banding and sequential colorations (or Alu I digestions) + CMA3 + DAPI) in specimens of Cerastes vipera, Vipera aspis, V. atra, and V. hugyi. Cerastes vipera presented chromosomal characters, primitive in snakes, as a karyotype of 2n = 36 chromosomes, with 16 biarmed macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes, NORs on one microchromosome pair and absence of cytologically evident sex chromosomes, at least with the methods used. The three taxa of Vipera studied showed chromosomal characters either derived, or primitive or at an initial stage of differentiation. All three species showed a karyotype (derived) of 2n = 42 chromosomes with 22 macro- and 20 micro-chromosomes; they all showed NORs on one micro-chromosome pair and presented Z and W chromosomes at an initial stage of differentiation. Sexchromosomes Z and W, were in fact homomorphic, but the former was near all euchromatic, while the W chromosome was almost completely heterochromatic. All the three taxa of Vipera resulted, however, karyologically diversified, mainly due to the number of macro-chromosomes pairs with a centromeric, CMA3 positive heterochromatin: almost all the pairs in V. aspis, two pairs in V. atra and absent in V. hugyi.

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On sex determination in the Turkish desert woodlouse Hemilepistus elongatus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea): searching for sex chromosomes and for sex-specific differences in simple DNA repeats

Genome ◽

10.1139/g96-103 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 818-821 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Röder ◽

K. E. Linsenmair ◽

I. Nanda ◽

M. Schmid

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Sex Determination ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Dna Repeats ◽

Male And Female ◽

General Morphology ◽

C Banding ◽

Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

The karyotype of male and female Hemilepistus elongatus was investigated by means of C-banding. The diploid chromosome number in both sexes is 2n = 50. By scrutinizing general morphology and localization of the constitutive heterochromatin, no heteromorphic sex chromosomes were found. All chromosome pairs in males are well paired during diakinesis. Hybridization of genomic DNA with (GACA)4 and (GATA)4 oligonucleotides revealed no sex-specific patterns. Key words : karyotype, C-banding, sex determination, simple DNA-repeats, Isopoda.

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New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v14i4.56743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 577-588

Author(s):

Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio ◽

Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera ◽

Angélica Nunes Tiepo ◽

José Antônio Marin Fernandes ◽

Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Holocentric Chromosomes ◽

Meiotic Behavior ◽

Rdna Probe ◽

C Banding ◽

Cytogenetic Data ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

In this paper, we present new cytogenetic data for three species of the family Pentatomidae: Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851). All studied species presented holocentric chromosomes and inverted meiosis for the sex chromosomes. D. melacanthus has 2n = 12 (10A + XY); L. viridis showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY); and E. collaris showed 2n = 14 (12A + XY). C-banding was performed for the first time in these species and revealed terminal and interstitial heterochromatic regions on the autosomes; DAPI/CMA3 staining showed different fluorescent patterns. In all species, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe identified signals on one autosomal bivalent, this being the first report of FISH application in the species D. melacanthus and L. viridis. The results obtained add to those already existing in the literature, enabling a better understanding of the meiotic behavior of these insects.

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New cytogenetic data for three species of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851), Loxa viridis (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), and Edessa collaris (Dallas, 1851)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v14.i4.56743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 577-588

Author(s):

Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio ◽

Joana Neres da Cruz Baldissera ◽

Angélica Nunes Tiepo ◽

José Antônio Marin Fernandes ◽

Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Holocentric Chromosomes ◽

Meiotic Behavior ◽

Rdna Probe ◽

C Banding ◽

Cytogenetic Data ◽

The Family ◽

First Time

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Characterization and modification of heterochromatin in four species of the immigrans species group of Drosophila

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g86-051 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. P. Gupta ◽

Arun Kumar

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Species Group ◽

Hoechst 33258 ◽

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Fluorescence Staining ◽

Base Pairs ◽

C Banding ◽

Bright Fluorescence ◽

Staining Techniques

The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mitotic chromosomes of four species (viz., Drosophila quadrilineata de Meijere, D. immigrans Sturtevant, D. pulaua Wheeler, and D. kohkoa Wheeler) was studied using C-banding and fluorescence staining techniques. The results of this study had revealed that the heterochromatic segments detected by C-banding in the species under study were found to coincide precisely with the areas giving bright fluorescence with the two fluorochromes, Hoechst 33258 and quinacrine. This suggested the presence of A–T rich base pairs in their heterochromatin. These studies further revealed that the modification of heterochromatin caused due to the additions or deletions in particular had also played a very significant role during the differentiation of these species.Key words: heterochromatin modification, immigrans species group, Drosophila.

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Hypermethylated Chromosome Regions in Nine Fish Species with Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Cytogenetic and Genome Research ◽

10.1159/000444067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 147 (2-3) ◽

pp. 169-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Schmid ◽

Claus Steinlein ◽

Cassia F. Yano ◽

Marcelo B. Cioffi

Keyword(s):

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Banding Technique ◽

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Valuable Data ◽

C Banding ◽

Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽

Species Specific ◽

Chromosome Regions

Sites and amounts of 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich chromosome regions were detected in the karyotypes of 9 Brazilian species of Characiformes fishes by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. These species, belonging to the genera Leporinus, Triportheus and Hoplias, are characterized by highly differentiated and heteromorphic ZW and XY sex chromosomes. In all species, the hypermethylated regions are confined to constitutive heterochromatin. The number and chromosome locations of hypermethylated heterochromatic regions in the karyotypes are constant and species-specific. Generally, heterochromatic regions that are darkly stained by the C-banding technique are distinctly hypermethylated, but several of the brightly fluorescing hypermethylated regions merely exhibit moderate or faint C-banding. The ZW and XY sex chromosomes of all 9 analyzed species also show species-specific heterochromatin hypermethylation patterns. The analysis of 5-MeC-rich chromosome regions contributes valuable data for comparative cytogenetics of closely related species and highlights the dynamic process of differentiation operating in the repetitive DNA fraction of sex chromosomes.

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5-Methylcytosine-Rich Heterochromatin in Reptiles

Cytogenetic and Genome Research ◽

10.1159/000495893 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 157 (1-2) ◽

pp. 53-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael Schmid ◽

Claus Steinlein ◽

Alina M. Reiter ◽

Michail Rovatsos ◽

Marie Altmanová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Turtle Species ◽

C Banding ◽

Species Specific ◽

Chromosome Regions

An experimental approach using monoclonal anti-5-methylcytosine antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence was elaborated for detecting 5-methylcytosine-rich chromosome regions in reptilian chromosomes. This technique was applied to conventionally prepared mitotic metaphases of 2 turtle species and 12 squamate species from 8 families. The hypermethylation patterns were compared with C-banding patterns obtained by conventional banding techniques. The hypermethylated DNA sequences are species-specific and are located in constitutive heterochromatin. They are highly reproducible and often found in centromeric, pericentromeric, and interstitial positions of the chromosomes. Heterochromatic regions in differentiated sex chromosomes are particularly hypermethylated.

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