scholarly journals Glomus arenarium, a new species in Glomales (Zygomycetes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Mariusz Tadych ◽  
Tadeusz Madej
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

A new ectocarpic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, <em>Glomus arenarium</em> (<em>Glomales</em>, <em>Zygomycetes</em>), was recovered from maritime sand dunes of northern Poland. <em>Glomus arenarium</em> forms spores with a narrow and hyaline subtending hypha. Spores are orange to raw umber, globose to subglobose, (55-)97(-120) µm diam or ovoid, 65-105 x 95-140 µm. Their wall consists of three layers: a hyaline outermost layer present only in very young spores, a semiflexible, hyaline middle layer rarely present in mature spores, and a permanent, laminate, orange to raw umber innermost layer. No spore wall layers of <em>G. arenarium</em> reagent. This fungus formed spores and arbuscular mycorrhizae in single-species pot cultures with Plantago lanceolata.

Glomus indicum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Tesfaye Wubet ◽  
Variampally Sankar Harikumar ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
François Buscot
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
North East ◽  
Rdna Sequences

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species of the genus Glomus , Glomus indicum (Glomeromycota), forming small, hyaline spores in hypogeous aggregates is described and illustrated. The spores are globose to subglobose, (17–)32(–52) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 17–38 µm × 19–43 µm. The single spore wall of G. indicum consists of two hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived, thin outer layer staining pinkish to pink in Melzer's reagent and a laminate, smooth, permanent, thicker inner layer. Glomus indicum was found in the rhizosphere of Euphorbia heterophylla  L. naturally growing in coastal sands of Alappuzha in Kerala State of South India and Lactuca sativa  L. cultivated in Asmara, Eritrea, North East Africa. In single-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata  L. as the host plant, G. indicum formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. Molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of G. indicum based on both SSU and ITS rDNA sequences showed the fungus to be a new species with its own cluster. Besides the sites where the spores were observed, sequence types belonging to the G. indicum cluster were documented from environmental samples mainly in the USA, Estonia, and Australia, suggesting the wide occurrence of the species. A key to all known species of the Glomeromycota producing hyaline to light-coloured glomoid spores is provided.

Trophic relationships between the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus and three tropical arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candido Barreto de Novais ◽  
João Ricardo de Oliveira ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira ◽  
Sergio Miana de Faria ◽  
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Pontoscolex Corethrurus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum <i>Glomeromycota</i> associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is <i>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</i>, followed by <i>Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum</i>, and <i>Scu. armeniaca</i>. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was <i>Festuca rubra</i>. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Klironomos ◽  
Miranda M Hart ◽  
Jane E Gurney ◽  
Peter Moutoglis
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

scholarly journals Bacteria Associated with Spores of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus geosporum and Glomus constrictum

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6673-6679 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roesti ◽  
Kurt Ineichen ◽  
Olivier Braissant ◽  
Dirk Redecker ◽  
Andres Wiemken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Glomus Geosporum

ABSTRACT Spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus geosporum and Glomus constrictum were harvested from single-spore-derived pot cultures with either Plantago lanceolata or Hieracium pilosella as host plants. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the bacterial communities associated with the spores depended more on AMF than host plant identity. The composition of the bacterial populations linked to the spores could be predominantly influenced by a specific spore wall composition or AMF exudate rather than by specific root exudates. The majority of the bacterial sequences that were common to both G. geosporum and G. constrictum spores were affiliated with taxonomic groups known to degrade biopolymers (Cellvibrio, Chondromyces, Flexibacter, Lysobacter, and Pseudomonas). Scanning electron microscopy of G. geosporum spores revealed that these bacteria are possibly feeding on the outer hyaline spore layer. The process of maturation and eventual germination of AMF spores might then benefit from the activity of the surface microorganisms degrading the outer hyaline wall layer.

Salinity changes root occupancy by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species

Pedobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 81-82 ◽  
pp. 150665
Author(s):  
Rong Yang ◽  
Zefeng Qin ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a young sweetgum plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Sweetgum seedlings with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomusetunicatum or Glomusdeserticola in nursery soil with 30 ppm available phosphorus (P) and nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown in nursery soil with 800 ppm available P were outplanted and whole trees were excavated periodically over the next 5 years in the plantation to follow mycorrhizal development. Four months after outplanting, roots of all initially nonmycorrhizal seedlings had formed vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and the degree of root colonization was comparable to that of initially vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings. New feeder roots did not develop on seedlings of any treatment until almost 5 months after planting. By the end of the first growing season and for the remainder of the study, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae development was approximately the same on all seedlings. The proportion of feeder roots colonized by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stabilized at 65 to 70%; approximately 56% of the cortical tissues of all feeder roots were colonized with arbuscles, vesicles, and hyphae. Periodic assays of the soil in the plantation showed that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores gradually declined from an initial high of 3600 spores to 620 spores per 100-cm3 soil sample after 5 years. This decline was probably caused by crown closure of the sweetgum trees which gradually suppressed understory vegetation.

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