Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

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The influence of pre-crop plants on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales) and Phialophora graminicola associated with roots of winter XTriticosecale

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1995.019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Lupinus Luteus ◽

Crop Plant ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

The influence of four pre-crop plant species on the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF, Glomales, Zygomycetes) spores, mycorrhizae and Phialophora graminicola (Deacon) Walker associated with roots of field-culuvated XTriticosecale Wittmack cv. Malno was investigated. The pre-crop plant species were Hordeum vutgare L., Lupinus luteus L., Pisum sativum L., and Vicia faba v. major Harz. Most spores and species of AMF were found when XTriticosecale was cultivated following P. sativum. Prior cropping with L. luteus caused the occurrence of the lowest number of spores among XTriticosecale roots. Mycorrhizal colonization of XTriticosecale was highest when planted after P. sativum and lowest when grown after L. luteus.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2002.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 71-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski ◽

Mariusz Tadych ◽

Tadeusz Madej

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Sand Dune ◽

Root Zone ◽

Great Part ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Dry Soil

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomales, Zygomycetes) associated with plants growing in sand dune soils of the Blędowska Desert, Poland, was investigated in 1995-1997. A total of 134 mixtures of soils and roots were sampled. The mixtures represented 26 plant species in 14 families and one unrecognized plant. Spores of AMF were found in 118 soil-root mixtures. The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species of the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora, as well as two undescribed morphospecies of the genus Glomus. The AMF most frequently occurring in the field-collected soils were members of the genus Scutellospora The AMF spore populations comprised 20 described species in the genera Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora, as well as two undescribed morpho-species of the genus Glomus. The fungal species most frequently and numerously found was Scutellospora armeniaca. The fungi relatively frequently present also were A. rugosa, A. lacunosa, G. aggregatum, an undescribed Glomus 142 and Sc. dipurpurescens. The overall spore abundance of AMF averaged 69.1 and ranged from 0 to 837 in 100 g dry soil. The highest abundance of spores occurred among roots of the families Cupressaceae, followed by the Rosaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae. Of the plant species investigated two and more times, most spores harboured Juniperus communis. The overall average species richness was 2.4 and ranged from 0 to 6 in 100 g dry soil. Of the plant species sampled at lest two times, the highest average species diversity was found in the root zone of Salix arenaria. The plant species that hosted the highest overall number of species of AMF was Festuca rubra. Trap pot cultures with soilroot mixtures collected in 1997 revealed 10 species of AMF that were not found in field soils sampled in the same year. This suggests that a great part of AMF of Błędowska Desert is represented by rarely or non-sporulating species.

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The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02414-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anurag Chaturvedi ◽

Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽

Chanz Robbins ◽

Anita Loha ◽

Laure Menin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Phosphate Regulation ◽

Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

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Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, essential oil production and nutrient uptake in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais ◽

10.1590/s1516-05722012000400018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 692-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M.C. Arango ◽

M.F. Ruscitti ◽

M.G. Ronco ◽

J. Beltrano

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Glomus Intraradices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Essential Oil Production

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

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Potential of Native Plant Species and Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Post-mining Land Recovery and Revegetation

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/pjbs.2020.769.775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 769-775

Author(s):

Chairul . ◽

Zozy Aneloi Nol ◽

Suwirmen . ◽

Reini . ◽

Roza .

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species

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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Different Plant Species Grown in Three Land Use Types in Wensho and Shebidino Districts of Sidama in Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering ◽

10.11648/j.abb.20160404.11 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beyene Dobo

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Land Use Types

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2002.005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (1-2) ◽

pp. 39-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janusz Błaszkowski ◽

Iwona Adamska ◽

Beata Czerniawska

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Sand Dunes ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Field Samples ◽

North Eastern ◽

Dry Soil ◽

Soil Mixtures ◽

Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum Glomeromycota associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is Scutellospora dipurpurescens, followed by Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum, and Scu. armeniaca. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was Festuca rubra. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

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A “paper bridge” system to improve in-vitro propagation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽

10.1139/b10-024 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 617-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yolande Dalpé ◽

Sylvie Seguin

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Efficient System ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

Slow Growing ◽

Paper Bridge ◽

Bridge System

The in-vitro culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on excised roots, especially when performed on bi-compartmented Petri dishes, has proven to be an efficient system for the production of root-free fungal material. However, even after the contact between fungal hyphae and the excised roots in the proximal root compartment has occurred, up to several weeks may be required for the fungal runner hyphae to cross the median Petri dish wall and reach the distal fungal compartment. This delay is particularly long for the cultivation of slow-growing strains that usually colonize the substrate less aggressively. The delay is due to the difficulty the runner hyphae have in crossing the median Petri dish wall that separates compartments. To facilitate the passage of the fungus across the median wall, a “paper bridge” system has been devised and tested with a number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains. This method substantially accelerated fungal propagation and simplified the manipulations necessary. The proposed paper-bridge system is described and its advantages discussed.

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