Aim: To find the correlation between the concentration of lead and maternal socio-demographic characteristics like age, living area (urban or rural), housing style (slum type, cemented, or floored), living place (near industry or far from industry), water supply (piped water or direct water from source) and epidemiological characteristics like mother’s occupation, mother’s gestation age, mother’s active smoking habit. Method: A total of 100 umbilical cord blood serum samples were collected from Lala Lajpat Rai Medical College, Meerut and estimation of lead was done using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study was conducted between April 2014 and March 2015. Result and conclusions: Data suggested that the percentage of lead is more in cord blood serum samples of mother who are working and are non-housewife and residing in urban area due to exposure to traffic, industries and pollution. The correlation of mother’s working place with lead concentration showed that the mothers who were industrial worker had more lead concentration whereas the level of heavy metal was found elevated in mother’s who are drinking piped water. The data suggested that the mothers who smoked have more lead concentration in comparison to non-smoking mother.
Placental growth hormone, pituitary growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and ghrelin in umbilical cord blood serum and amniotic fluid
