scholarly journals POLISH CENTRAL MUSEUM REPOSITORY FOR GDAŃSK VOIVODESHIP. PART 1. GENESIS

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Lidia Małgorzata Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The City ◽  
Moving Front ◽  
The Way

The article – following previous ones of similar topic published in “Museology” – is the 1st part of a broader elaboration pertaining to relocations of cultural goods after World War II, in particular to functioning of repositories where those goods were assembled. They were established and operated by Polish administration on the territories liberated consecutively by the moving front. This time the repositories in Gdańsk Pomerania region are discussed. First part presents issues related to a geopolitical situation of Gdańsk Voivodeship, especially the city of Gdańsk. Historical background is given to the so-called recovery campaign conducted by Polish administration. The process of getting organised by Polish authorities is also described, as well as the way it affected the achievement of their objectives: organisation of social life, rescue of artworks – despite the shortage of means – by penetrating areas outside the city in search for hidden goods, establishment of repositories, depositories etc. for items of cultural heritage saved from the fire, left behind the moving front and the Red Army, and for those taken out of towns by the German monuments’ protection service. Sites of Gdańsk Voivodeship where the monuments were deposited by German administration are listed in the article. Collections of movable goods assembled in those caches survived military actions and – if not plundered by local people or Soviet Army commanders – were being saved and secured in repositories organised by delegates of the Ministry of Culture and Art. The way in which the Polish repositories were established and operating, as well as the fortunes of historic artefacts collected in them will be further described in the following 2nd part of the article.

scholarly journals Calvary of the Germans in Hungary at the end of WWII

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Eleonóra Matkovits-Kretz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Forced Resettlement ◽  
Forced Labour

Abstract The German community in Hungary suffered many blows at the end of World War II and after it, on the basis of collective guilt. Immediately after the Red Army had marched in. gathering and deportation started into the camps of the Soviet Union, primarily into forced-labour camps in Donetsk, the Caucasus, and the Ural mountains. One third of them never returned. Those left behind had to face forced resettlement, the confiscation of their properties, and other ordeals. Their history was a taboo subject until the change of the political system in 1989. Not even until our days, by the 70th anniversary of the events, has their story reached a worthy place in national and international remembrance. International collaboration, the establishment of a research institute is needed to set to rights in history the story of the ordeal of the German community after World War II. for the present and future generations

Andreja Johansona jaunības gadu Rīga: atmiņas un kultūrvēsturiskas impresijas

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Inguna Daukste-Silasproģe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Cultural Historian ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The article focuses on two books of the poet, essayist, cultural historian Andrejs Johansons (1922–1983), contemplations and reminiscences “Rīgas svārki mugurā” (‘Dressed in Riga suit’, 1966) and “Visi Rīgas nami skan” (‘All the Houses of Riga are Ringing’, 1970). On the one hand, they include a very personal (biographical) layer of memory, and, on the other, they can also be viewed in the context of collective memory, as they are associated with the memories of many refugees of the World War II – about the lost Latvia, Riga and home. In May 1945, Johansons, leaving Kurzeme and Liepāja by one of the last refugee boats, also took with him the memories that were later recounted in the two books. The sense of belonging to a place is important for the author; this feeling is symbolically reflected in the titles of both books. But this belonging to a place becomes more capacious – it includes events, memories and a certain time of life. While writing these books, Johansons was able to return to Riga to see it with the eyes of his youth. In both books, Johansons has marked (almost topographically marked on the map) places where he had lived and walked, and studied, enriching these places with a broader context. On the one hand, they are youth memories, and on the other, they are the unfulfilled craving and lost paradise of a long-lived, wise and educated exile. The significant value of both books is the wide cultural and historical background, historical digressions, thorough source studies and research, and a panoramic view of Riga, the capital of Latvia. The memory and reflection books about Riga by Johansons are changing, and because of this changing character, they are more than just memories. They are rich cultural, historical, and personal sketches. They make it possible to feel and even visually see Riga of the late 20s to early 40s of the 20th century. These books can inspire a 21st-century reader, a resident of Riga; they can stimulate to explore and find out about the city through its historical changes. The two books have become encyclopaedic editions that vividly and amply reveal the time, era, historical and cultural context, personalities and their destinies. Johansons’s books about Riga encourage us to look at the image of Riga in the literary works and memories of other writers, gaining a more colourful view.

scholarly journals „Miasto–ruina”. Obraz powojennego Gdańska w fotografiach Kazimierza Lelewicza

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Polańska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Metropolises and cities have always fascinated artists, including those who use photography. World War II brought a hitherto unknown image of the city–ruins. Those who survived the annihilation made an attempt to depict the destruction. The photographs were supposed to be a testimony of the cruelty of war, and years later they also became material used by researchers from many scientific disciplines. Here emerges the specificity of showing the ruins in the context of a photo, which can be a document, but also a piece of art. The ruins became a journalistic and artistic challenge for the creators. Images of the destroyed cities began to be exhibited in museums and galleries, not only in the first years after the end of World War II. In Poland, the way of showing the devastation of Warsaw is symptomatic compared to the cities in the Recovered Territories. The capital has become a symbol of the drama of the whole country. The image of the city from before 1939 was often compared with the image of war damage. The photographs of the ruined: Gdańsk, Szczecin and Wrocław, had a slightly different message. In these cities, they looked for evidence of Polish identity, a centuries-old tradition and historical belonging to the Polish state. The views of the destroyed cities were juxtaposed with the image of the country’s reconstruction, emphasizing the new geopolitical order. It is estimated that ninety percent of the historic center of Gdańsk was destroyed during World War II. In the fall of 1945, Kazimierz Lelewicz (1896–1986), an engineer and artist-photographer by education, came to such a ruined city. He began a long process of documenting the destruction and reconstruction of Gdańsk. What is striking in Lelewicz’s photographs is the juxtaposition of the image of a city–ruin, an extinct, autonomous space, with a city-building, full of life. This combination of images of the urban tissue has a very symbolic and allegorical meaning. In this context, the image of the ruin and the way it was interpreted by Kazimierz Lelewicz is also worth considering. The topic itself provokes the consideration of the theme of ruin in the discourse of memory or oblivion.

scholarly journals La campagna elettorale per le elezioni comunali di Venezia del 24 marzo 1946

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ravegnani
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
World War ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Italian History ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Electoral Campaign ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
Municipal Election ◽  
The City

The paper analyses the forms of communication used and managed in the city of Venice just before the 1946 municipal election. The development started in the 70s and 80s in the sector of information has irrevocably changed the communication of politics. As a result of these changes, politics has left behind many of the traditional elements of the twentieth century. The article tries to retrace an historic pre-television moment in which the original public stage – understood as a physical space of aggregation – was not only alive but, perhaps, was at its peak. The first free elections after World War II, a symbol of struggle for freedom, were the dress rehearsal of the effectivity of the electoral democracy. For this reason the municipal elections of 1946 have had a central role in the Italian history, especially for what happened before the vote: namely the first free electoral campaign.  

scholarly journals The 1944 Warsaw Uprising

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Marianna Kmeťová ◽  
Marek Syrný
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

After the German campaign at the beginning of World War II (1939), Poland was divided between nazi Germany which occupied the west and center of the country, and the Soviet Union which occupying the Eastern regions. The controversial relationship with Moscow has seen several diametrical breaks from a positive alliance after the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers in 1941, to a very critical relationship with the USSR after the revelation of the so-called Katyn massacre in 1943. With the approach of the Eastern Front to the frontiers of pre-war Poland, massive Polish Resistance was also activated to get rid of nazi domination and to restore of pre-war Poland. The neutralization of possible claims by the Soviets on the disputed eastern areas (Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania), respectively to prevent the crushing sovietization of Poland, it was also intended to serve a clear and world-wide resistance act in the sense of liberating at least Warsaw from the German occupation. This was to prevent the repeat of the situation in the east of the country, where the Red Army and the Soviet authorities overlooked the merits and interests of the Polish Resistance and Polish authorities. The contribution will therefore focus on the analysis of the causes, assumptions, course and consequences of the ultimate outcome of the unsuccessful efforts of the Armia Krajowa and the Warsaw inhabitants to liberate the city on their own and to determine the free post-war existence of the country.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Drezno w relacjach polskich osiemnastowiecznych peregrynantów. Rekonesans .

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Marcin Pliszka
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

The article analyses descriptions, memories, and notes on Dresden found in eighteenth-century accounts of Polish travellers. The overarching research objective is to capture the specificity of the way of presenting the city. The ways that Dresden is described are determined by genological diversity of texts, different ways of narration, the use of rhetorical repertoire, and the time of their creation. There are two dominant ways of presenting the city: the first one foregrounds the architectural and historical values, the second one revolves around social life and various kinds of games (redoubts, performances).

Natural and anthropogenic impacts on the composition of lake sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eskola ◽  
V. Peuraniemi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
World War ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
The City

AbstractLake sediments were studied from four lakes in environmentally different areas in northern Finland. Lakes Pyykösjärvi and Kuivasjärvi are situated near roads with heavy traffic and the city of Oulu. Lakes Martinlampi and Umpilampi are small lakes in a forest area with no immediate human impact nearby. The concentration of Pb increases in the upper parts of the sedimentary columns of Lake Kuivasjärvi and Lake Pyykösjärvi. This is interpreted as being an anthropogenic effect related to heavy traffic in the area and use of Lake Pyykösjärvi as an airport during World War II. High Ni and Zn concentrations in the Lake Umpilampi sediments are caused by weathered black schists. Sediments in Lake Martinlampi show high Pb and Zn contents with increasing Pb concentrations up through the sedimentary column. The sources of these elements are probably Pb-Zn mineralization in the bedrock, Pb-Zn-rich boulders and anomalous Pb and Zn contents in till in the catchment area of the lake.

Military Industry Evacuation at the Beginning of World War II and the NKVD

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Uta G. Lagvilava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Internal Affairs

A few months after the fascist Germany’s attack on the USSR, under harsh wartime conditions, at the end of 1941 military industry of the Soviet Union began to produce such a quantity of military equipment that subsequently was providing not only replenishment of losses, but also improvement of technical equipment of the Red Army forces . Successful production of military equipment during World War II became one of the main factors in the victory over fascism. One of the unlit pages in affairs of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) is displacement and evacuation of a huge number of enterprises and people to the east, beyond the Urals, which were occupied by German troops at the beginning of the war in the summer of 1941. All this was done according to the plans developed with direct participation of NKVD, which united before the beginning and during the war departments now called the Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB, SVR, the Russian Guard, Ministry of Emergency Situations, FAPSI and several smaller ones. And all these NKVD structures during the war were headed by Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria.

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