scholarly journals „Miasto–ruina”. Obraz powojennego Gdańska w fotografiach Kazimierza Lelewicza

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Polańska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

Metropolises and cities have always fascinated artists, including those who use photography. World War II brought a hitherto unknown image of the city–ruins. Those who survived the annihilation made an attempt to depict the destruction. The photographs were supposed to be a testimony of the cruelty of war, and years later they also became material used by researchers from many scientific disciplines. Here emerges the specificity of showing the ruins in the context of a photo, which can be a document, but also a piece of art. The ruins became a journalistic and artistic challenge for the creators. Images of the destroyed cities began to be exhibited in museums and galleries, not only in the first years after the end of World War II. In Poland, the way of showing the devastation of Warsaw is symptomatic compared to the cities in the Recovered Territories. The capital has become a symbol of the drama of the whole country. The image of the city from before 1939 was often compared with the image of war damage. The photographs of the ruined: Gdańsk, Szczecin and Wrocław, had a slightly different message. In these cities, they looked for evidence of Polish identity, a centuries-old tradition and historical belonging to the Polish state. The views of the destroyed cities were juxtaposed with the image of the country’s reconstruction, emphasizing the new geopolitical order. It is estimated that ninety percent of the historic center of Gdańsk was destroyed during World War II. In the fall of 1945, Kazimierz Lelewicz (1896–1986), an engineer and artist-photographer by education, came to such a ruined city. He began a long process of documenting the destruction and reconstruction of Gdańsk. What is striking in Lelewicz’s photographs is the juxtaposition of the image of a city–ruin, an extinct, autonomous space, with a city-building, full of life. This combination of images of the urban tissue has a very symbolic and allegorical meaning. In this context, the image of the ruin and the way it was interpreted by Kazimierz Lelewicz is also worth considering. The topic itself provokes the consideration of the theme of ruin in the discourse of memory or oblivion.

scholarly journals POLISH CENTRAL MUSEUM REPOSITORY FOR GDAŃSK VOIVODESHIP. PART 1. GENESIS

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Lidia Małgorzata Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The City ◽  
Moving Front ◽  
The Way

The article – following previous ones of similar topic published in “Museology” – is the 1st part of a broader elaboration pertaining to relocations of cultural goods after World War II, in particular to functioning of repositories where those goods were assembled. They were established and operated by Polish administration on the territories liberated consecutively by the moving front. This time the repositories in Gdańsk Pomerania region are discussed. First part presents issues related to a geopolitical situation of Gdańsk Voivodeship, especially the city of Gdańsk. Historical background is given to the so-called recovery campaign conducted by Polish administration. The process of getting organised by Polish authorities is also described, as well as the way it affected the achievement of their objectives: organisation of social life, rescue of artworks – despite the shortage of means – by penetrating areas outside the city in search for hidden goods, establishment of repositories, depositories etc. for items of cultural heritage saved from the fire, left behind the moving front and the Red Army, and for those taken out of towns by the German monuments’ protection service. Sites of Gdańsk Voivodeship where the monuments were deposited by German administration are listed in the article. Collections of movable goods assembled in those caches survived military actions and – if not plundered by local people or Soviet Army commanders – were being saved and secured in repositories organised by delegates of the Ministry of Culture and Art. The way in which the Polish repositories were established and operating, as well as the fortunes of historic artefacts collected in them will be further described in the following 2nd part of the article.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

Natural and anthropogenic impacts on the composition of lake sediments

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eskola ◽  
V. Peuraniemi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
World War ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
The City

AbstractLake sediments were studied from four lakes in environmentally different areas in northern Finland. Lakes Pyykösjärvi and Kuivasjärvi are situated near roads with heavy traffic and the city of Oulu. Lakes Martinlampi and Umpilampi are small lakes in a forest area with no immediate human impact nearby. The concentration of Pb increases in the upper parts of the sedimentary columns of Lake Kuivasjärvi and Lake Pyykösjärvi. This is interpreted as being an anthropogenic effect related to heavy traffic in the area and use of Lake Pyykösjärvi as an airport during World War II. High Ni and Zn concentrations in the Lake Umpilampi sediments are caused by weathered black schists. Sediments in Lake Martinlampi show high Pb and Zn contents with increasing Pb concentrations up through the sedimentary column. The sources of these elements are probably Pb-Zn mineralization in the bedrock, Pb-Zn-rich boulders and anomalous Pb and Zn contents in till in the catchment area of the lake.

scholarly journals A history of the city written in a map – cartography as the mirror of socio-political events in Gdańsk in the years of 1918–1939

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bień
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A cartographic map of Gdańsk in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939 was very different from the other maps of Polish cities. The reasons for some differences were, among others, the proximity of the sea, the multicultural mindset of the inhabitants of Gdańsk from that period, and some historical events in the interwar period (the founding of the Free City of Gdańsk and the events preceding World War II). Its uniqueness came from the fact that the city of Gdańsk combined the styles of Prussian and Polish housing, as well as form the fact that its inhabitants felt the need for autonomy from the Second Polish Republic. The city aspired to be politically, socially and economically independent.</p><p>The aim of my presentation is to analyze the cartographic maps of Gdańsk, including the changes that had been made in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939. I will also comment on the reasons of those changes, on their socio-historical effects on the city, the whole country and Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Lina Bo [Bardi] in Italy New research brings back Bo-Pagani’s forgotten designs for the staging of two events in the city of Milan during World War II

2014 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sarah Catalano
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City

Esta contribuição mostra que o período italiano de Lina Bo Bardi é um tema ainda suscetível de aprofundamento e que a pesquisa de arquivo e bibliográfica, a ser realizada principalmente na Itália, mas também no Instituto Lina Bo e P.M. Bardi, pode restituir materiais inéditos. Seguindo essa linha de pesquisa, a análise cuidadosa da revista Lo Stile restituiu dois projetos realizados pelo ateliê Bo-Pagani que remontam a 1942 e caídos no esquecimento, exemplos de “arquitetura efêmera” por eventos políticos na cidade de Milão.

scholarly journals Ciało, trup, śmierć w utworze Götz i Meyer Davida Albahariego

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 553-564
Author(s):  
Sabina Giergiel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
City Center ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The City

Body, corpse and death in David Albahari’s Gotz and MeyerThe article investigates the broadly understood record of Jewish death that emerges from the text of the Serbian prose writer David Albahari. Emphasizing the dominance of economy in the Nazi system, the author indicates those procedures described in Albahari’s book which justify such an assessment e.g. human reification, the body as debris, technical syntax used by German officials. Additionally, these considerations on death representation are supplemented with an endeavor to establish the Belgrade dwellers’ attitude towards the fortunes of the Jews. According to the author, the novel explicitly marks the spatial opposition enclosure vs. opening, the camp vs. the city center that is reinforced by the river, which during World War II divided the capital into Zemun belonging to the Independent State of Croatia, also the place where the camp was situated and Belgrade’s Serbian center. This demarcation intensifies the victims’ feelings of separation and loneliness, at the same time enabling the capital’s dwellers to occupy a comfortable position of bystanders.  Telo, mrtvac, smrt u romanu Gec i Majer Davida AlbaharijaRad se bavi vidovima smrti u romanu Gec i Majer Davida Albaharija. Pokazuje mehanizme koje potvrđuju opštepoznatu činjenicu da je u nacističkom sistemu dominirala ekonomija. U te mehanizme se ubrajaju, između ostalih: reifikacija čoveka, tretiranje tela kao otpada i tehnička leksika koju upotrebljavaju nemački funkcioneri. Analiza uključuje i pokušaj odgovora na pitanje kakav je bio odnos stanovnika Beograda prema sudbini Jevreja. Istraživanje pokazuje prostornu opoziciju zatvoren i otvoren prostor, logor i centar grada. Nju naglašava reka koja je za vreme Drugog svetskog rata delila srpsku prestonicu na Zemun, gde je bio smešten logor, a koji je pripadao NDH, i srpski centar Beograda. Ova granica je vezana za osećaj separacije i usamljenost žrtava, s jedne starne, i udobnost i bajstander-efekat stanovnika prestonice, s druge strane

scholarly journals Ego-récits de l’intégration : deux itinéraires de déportés au Kazakhstan soviétique

Slovo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol The autobiographical... (Beyond the steppes of Central...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ohayon
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The City ◽  
Groupes Ethniques ◽  
Seconde Guerre Mondiale

International audience Two men, deported in Kazakhstan during the World War II, recount their respective experiences. Despite the great difficulties they encountered – detentionin gulag, house arrest, administrative stigmatization, precarious material conditions of life- they report the story of their successful integration in the city of Karaganda. These two itineraries are providing a grassroots understanding of the articulation between diverse ethnic groups and banned people, which make up a specific soviet society in this mining town of Central Asia. Deux hommes, déportés au Kazakhstan durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, rapportent leur expérience respective. En dépit des grandes difficultés qu’ils rencontrent – détention au Goulag, assignation à résidence, stigmatisation administrative, conditions matérielles précaires – ils racontent l’histoire de leur intégration réussie dans la ville de Karaganda. Ces deux itinéraires donnent à voir comment s’agence, dans une ville minière d’Asie centrale, une société soviétique particulière, composée de proscrits et de groupes ethniques différents. Двое мужчин, депортированные в Казахстан во время второй мировой войны, рассказывают о своем жизненном опыте. Несмотря на тяжелые моменты, которые они пережили - заключение в лагере, административная ссылка, политическая стигматизация, небезопасные условия жизни- они оба поведают о том, как они успешно устроились в городе Караганда, найдя свое место в обществе. Эти две траектории свидетельствуют о том, как в таком шахтовом городе как Караганда, сформировался некий советский социум, составленный из разнообразных изгнанников сталинского времени и приезжавших этнических групп.

scholarly journals Symbolic Geographies and the Politics of Hungarian Identity in the ‘Populist-Urbanist Debate,’ 1925-44

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Esbenshade
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The Way

This article examines intellectuals’ debates about national identity in interwar and World War II Hungary to uncover their connection to underlying “symbolic geographies” and “mental maps.” Focusing on the way in which Hungarian identity and history have been informed by, and indeed inserted into, virtual spatial rubrics that rely on the historically developed cultural concepts of “Europe” and “Asia,” and “West” and “East,” the paper looks in particular at the “populist-urbanist debate” that raged between two groups of writers, both opposed to the ruling neo-feudal order. The populists were composed mostly of provincial-born intellectuals who saw the recognition and uplift of the peasant as the key to Hungary’s salvation. The urbanists were cosmopolitan intellectuals, mostly of assimilated Jewish origin, who saw the wholesale adoption of progressive Western rights and norms as the only way forward.

Decision-making under duress: the treatment of churches in the City of London during and after World War II

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. LARKHAM ◽  
JOE L. NASR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Multiple Experts ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

ABSTRACT:The process of making decisions about cities during the bombing of World War II, in its immediate aftermath and in the early post-war years remains a phenomenon that is only partly understood. The bombing left many church buildings damaged or destroyed across the UK. The Church of England's churches within the City of London, subject to a complex progression of deliberations, debates and decisions involving several committees and commissions set up by the bishop of London and others, are used to review the process and product of decision-making in the crisis of war. Church authorities are shown to have responded to the immediate problem of what to do with these sites in order most effectively to provide for the needs of the church as an organization, while simultaneously considering other factors including morale, culture and heritage. The beginnings of processes of consulting multiple experts, if not stakeholders, can be seen in this example of an institution making decisions under the pressures of a major crisis.

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