Extraction of Tocopherol from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate by Deep Eutectic Solvents

Depending on conditions in the refining process, soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) contains 42-51% free fatty acids (FFA) and 16-25% triacylglycerol (TAG). Bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, free phytosterols, fatty acid steryl esters (FASE) and squalene also make up a significant portion of SODD. The efficient removal of FFA and TAG is a crucial step in the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from SODD. In this work, a modified soxhlet extraction technique was developed and its optimal operation conditions were determined for the efficient removal of FFA and TAG from SODD. Starting with SODD that contains 3.53% FASE and 1.99% squalene, it was possible to obtain a fraction enriched with FASE (22.0%, recovery 91.3%) and squalene (8.63%, recovery 100%) by this modified soxhlet extraction under the following operation conditions: SODD/(silica gel) = 1/3 (w/w), extraction temperature = -6°C, number of extraction/h = 8.7. FFA remained in this FASE and squalene enriched fraction is 38.7% and there was no detectable TAG. The percentage removal of FFA and TAG for this FASE and squalene enriched fraction are 84.29% and 100%, respectively. The advantages of modified soxhlet extraction over open-column chromatography are that less solvent usage, larger sample size per batch and shorter operation time.Keywords: Fatty acid steryl ester; free fatty acid; modified soxhlet extraction; soybean oil deodorizer distillate; squalene; triacylglycerol AbstrakDalam proses pemurnian minyak kedelai, produk samping dari proses penghilangan bau (soybean oil deodorizer distillate, SODD) mengandung 42-52% free fatty acids (FFA) dan 18-28% triacylglycerols (TAG). Komponen bioaktif seperti tocopherols, free phytosterols, fatty acid steryl esters (FASE) dan squalene juga mempunyai kontribusi yang besar dalam komposisi SODD. Efisiensi penghilangan FFA dan TAG adalah langkah yang sangat penting dalam pemisahan dan pemurnian komponen bioaktif dari SODD. Dalam penelitian ini, modifikasi soxhlet ekstraksi telah ditemukan dan optimisasi kondisi operasi ditentukan berdasarkan efisiensi penghilangan FFA dan TAG dari SODD. Fraksi lemak non polar (nonpolar lipid fraction, NPLF) dengan kandungan FASE (22.0%, recovery 91.3%) dan squalene (8.63%, recovery 100%) telah diperoleh dengan menggunakan modifikasi soxhlet ektraksi dengan kondisi operasi: SODD/(silica gel) = 1/3 (w/w), dan suhu ekstraksi = -6°C. FFA dan TAG yang tersisa di NPLF secara berurutan adalah 38.7% dan 0%. Persentase penghilangan FFA dan TAG di NPLF secara berurutan adalah 84.29% and 100%. Keuntungan menggunakan modifikasi soxhlet ekstraksi dibandingkan dengan silica gel column chromatography adalah sedikitnya pelarut yang digunakan, besarnya sampel per unit batch yang digunakan, dan pendeknya waktu operasi.Kata kunci: Free fatty acid, fatty acid steryl ester, modifikasi soxhlet ekstraksi, soybean oil deodorizer distillate, squalene, triacylglycerols

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Improvement of a process for purification of tocopherols and sterols from soybean oil deodorizer distillate

Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic ◽

10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.09.005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (1-6) ◽

pp. 56-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Toshihiro Nagao ◽

Takashi Kobayashi ◽

Yoshinori Hirota ◽

Motohiro Kitano ◽

Noriaki Kishimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Deodorizer Distillate ◽

Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate

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Production of esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate in pressurized ethanol

Fuel Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.04.038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 326-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Luiz Jardel Visioli ◽

Fernanda de Castilhos ◽

Lúcio Cardozo-Filho ◽

Bruna Tais Ferreira de Mello ◽

Camila da Silva

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Deodorizer Distillate ◽

Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate

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Neutralization of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate for Vitamin Supplement Production

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/742846 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cibelem Iribarrem Benites ◽

Bruno Colling Klein ◽

Soely Maria Pissini Machado Reis

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Deodorizer Distillate ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

Human Diet ◽

Homogenization Time ◽

Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate ◽

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Soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), a byproduct of the soybean oil refining process, is a complex mixture of compounds, such as free fatty acids (FFA), hydrocarbons, and sterols, such as tocopherols, a class of major natural antioxidants with vitamin E activity. As the utilization of SODD for tocopherol extraction is shown to be not economically viable, SODD in the semirefined form (neutral) is an interesting alternative to animal and possibly human diet enrichment. This study aimed to evaluate the SODD neutralization process varying the alkali (Na2CO3) concentration, temperature, and homogenization time. The optimal conditions for the neutralizing process, in order to obtain the greatest reduction in FFA content, the lowest leaching of tocopherols, and the greatest yield, were the following: Na2CO2concentration of 4.34 N, temperature of 45.8°C, and homogenization time of 3 min 20 s. The FFA content was reduced from 53.4% to 6.1% after the initial neutralization, thus requiring a second neutralization step. The final FFA content was of 1.8% and total tocopherol (TT) accounted for about 11% of SODD.

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