scholarly journals Human Health Risk and Bioaccessibility of Toxic Metals in Topsoils from Gbani Mining Community in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred Darko ◽  
Kwadwo Owusu Boakye ◽  
Marian Asantewaa Nkansah ◽  
Opoku Gyamfi ◽  
Eugene Ansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Background. Anthropogenic activities such as artisanal mining pose a major environmental health concern due to the potential for discharge of toxic metals into the environment. Objectives. To determine the distribution and pollution patterns of arsenic (As), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the topsoil of a mining community in Ghana, along with potential human health risks and in vitro bioaccessibility. Methods. Concentrations of metals were determined using X-ray fluorescence techniques and validated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results. Concentrations of the metals in topsoil were in the order of magnitude of Cu (31.38 mg/kg) < Ni (45.39 mg/kg) < As (59.66 mg/kg) < Cr (92.87 mg/kg) < Zn (106.98 mg/kg) < Mn (1195.49 mg/kg) < Fe (30061.02 mg/kg). Geo-statistical and multivariate analyses based on hazard indices including contamination, ecological risks, geo-accumulation, and pollution load suggest that the topsoils are contaminated in the study area. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed high ecological risk effects (PERI=269.09), whereas the hazard index (1×10−7) and carcinogenic risk index (1×10−5) indicated low human health risks. Elevated levels of As, Cr, Ni, and Zn were found to emanate from anthropogenic origins, whereas Fe, Mn, and Cu levels were attributed mainly to geological and atmospheric depositions. Physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and total organic carbon) showed weak positive correlations to the metal concentrations. Elemental bioaccessibility was variable, decreasing in the order of Mn (35± 2.9%) > Cu (29± 2.6%) > Ni (22± 1.3%) > As (9± 0.5%) > Cr (4± 0.6%) > Fe (2± 0.4%). Conclusions. Incorporation of in-vitro bioaccessibility into the risk characterization models resulted in a hazard index of less than 1, implying low human health risks. However, due to accumulation effects of the metals, regular monitoring is required. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Source Apportionment, Ecological And Human Health Risks of Toxic Metals In Road Dust of Densely Populated Capital And Connected Major Highway of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Morshedul Haque ◽  
Sajin Sultana ◽  
Nahin Mostofa Niloy ◽  
Shamshad B. Quraishi ◽  
Shafi M. Tareq
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Major Highway

Abstract This study investigates pollution levels, source apportionment, ecological and human health risks associated with toxic metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr, and Cd) in road dust from the most populated Dhaka city and a connected major highway in Bangladesh. The mean concentration of Pb, Hg, and Cd were 1.3, 29.3, and 13.2 times higher than their corresponding background values with spatially uneven distribution all over the study area. Metal pollution indices, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), NIPI, PI, indicated extreme contamination at many sites depending on local environmental factors. The potential ecological risk (\({\text{E}}_{\text{r}}^{\text{i}})\) revealed that 84% and 54% of samples showed the extreme ecological risk for Hg and Cd pollution, respectively. On the other hand, the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI) showed that most sampling sites suffered high to extreme ecological risk. Source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified coal combustion and gasoline (50.14%), traffic exhaust (35.26%), and industrial and agriculture activity (14.60%) were the main source of toxic metals of the study area. Non-carcinogenic health risk indicated that adults are more vulnerable than children, and hazard index (HI) of Hg for both age groups and Cd for adults were significantly higher than the safe level. The carcinogenic risk (CR) levels of toxic metals were acceptable (10− 6 to 10− 4), although the maximum limit of Cr for children and As for adults was close to the unacceptable limit (10− 4). Continual exposure to toxic metals through road dust might develop lifetime cancer risk in local inhabitants.

scholarly journals Assessing the human health risks of perfluorooctane sulfonate by in vivo and in vitro studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 598-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuotong Zeng ◽  
Biao Song ◽  
Rong Xiao ◽  
Guangming Zeng ◽  
Jilai Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Human Health Risks

scholarly journals Levels of Metals in Soils of Ait Ammar Iron Mine, Morocco: Human Health Risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nouri ◽  
Taoufik El Rasafi ◽  
Abdelmajid Haddioui
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Iron Mine ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The concentrations of metals were determined in soil samples collected in Ait Ammar (Oued Zem, Morocco). The mean Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn contents in the mining topsoil samples were: 2.12, 135, 34.9, 214, 9.13 and 90.8 mg kg−1, respectively. Human health risks developed from metal ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation of soils were also evaluated. For non-carcinogenic risks, united hazard index (HI) values for children surpassed the safe level (HI=1) for Cr (13.1). Values for HI in adults (1.74) also surpassed the safe level for Cr. The HI values for Pb and Cd for children were 0.69 and 0.68, respectively. Cancer risk due to Cr surpassed the tolerable range (1E-06 to1E-04) for children (1.05E-03) and for adults (1.42E-04). Cancer risks due to Pb and Cd were within acceptable ranges for both children and adults. Furthermore, oral ingestion of soil particles contributed more highly to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk from Cr than either dermal absorption or inhalation in both children and adults.

scholarly journals Ecological and Health Risk Studies of Heavy Metals in Soils around an Abandoned Battery Factory in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanus A. Obasi ◽  
Henry Y. Madukwe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
High Enrichment

Heavy metals on the soil around an abandoned battery site at Wofun, Ibadan, Southwestern, Nigeria were studied for their ecological and health risks. Ten soil samples collected from the soil around the abandoned battery sites were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma –Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data were evaluated using indices such as contamination factor, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and pollution index to determine the ecological and health risks posed by the heavy metals. The results showed an average concentration of Pb (7274.4), V (190.63), Cu (77.52), Zn (53.08) and Co (53) in a decreasing order. The enrichment factor revealed high enrichment for Co (12.30) at site one (S1), and extreme enrichment of Pb (61.12). Zn, Rb and Mo showed no enrichment in the soil. All the sites exhibited extremely high enrichment of Pb except at S10 where the enrichment of Pb was only severe. The results of Igeo indicated that all the sites were strongly to extremely polluted by Pb while S6 is moderately polluted by Co. The rest of the metals do not constitute any pollution threats. An evaluation of the ecological risk index (RI) revealed that the mean Er for Co (13.95), Cu (8.61), and Zn (0.56) indicate low ecological risk as they are less than 40 (Er <40).  Lead (Pb) with Er value of 1818.60 has a very high ecological risk and accounts for most of the ecological risks in the study area. Lead (Pb) being the most toxic and abundant of all the heavy metals analyzed in the study areas was used to evaluate the potential  non-carcinogenic health risk for both children and adults. The hazard index which is the sum of the hazard quotients for children is 26.64 suggesting that non-carcinogenic health risk may occur if there is any form of exposure to the soil. The hazard index for the adult (2.87) indicated a significant potential non-carcinogenic health risk in the study area.

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