Questionnaire General Topic 3: Public Capital and Private Capital in the internal market. Securing a level playing field for public and private enterprises

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Piet Jan Slot
Keyword(s):  
Public Capital ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
General Topic

scholarly journals On the Substitution of Private and Public Capital in Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zidong An ◽  
Alvar Kangur ◽  
Chris Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Penn World Table

Most macroeconomic models assume that aggregate output is generated by a specification for the production function with total physical capital as a key input. Implicitly this assumes that private and public capital stocks are perfect substitutes. In this paper we test this assumption by estimating a nested-CES production function whereas the two types of capital are considered separately along with labor as inputs. The estimation is based on our newly developed dataset on public and private capital stocks for 151 countries over a period of 1960-2014 consistent with Penn World Table version 9. We find evidence against perfect substitutability between public and private capital, especially for emerging and LIDCs, with the point estimate of the elasticity of substitution estimated closely around 3.

The Effect of Public Capital on Aggregate Output

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Wesselhöft
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Based on new estimates of public and private capital stocks for 22 OECD countries we study the dynamic effect of public capital on the real gross domestic product using a vector autoregression approach. Whereas most former studies put effort on examining the effects of public capital in a single country, this paper covers a large set of OECD countries. The results show that public capital has a positive effect on output in the short-, medium- and long-run in most countries. In countries where the effect is negative, possible explanations as the different productivities of investments, crowding out or high growth rates of government debt are analyzed.

scholarly journals Public Capita and Growth: The Role of Institutions in Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Fred EKA
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public

This study analyzes the links between public capital and growth using an econometric model of simultaneous equations, estimated on a panel of forty-three developing countries over the period 2003-2020. This growth model explains the determinants of GDP and public and private capital stocks. The accumulation of public, private and human capital generates externalities that are sources of endogenous growth. However, the formation of public capital generated a crowding out effect, to the detriment of that of private capital, because of differentiated budgetary constraints. Our results show that several developing countries have moved away from an optimal structure for the growth of sharing of available capital between the public and private sectors. In doing so, are institutions a prerequisite for the economic development of African countries.

One Law, Two Competitions: An Enquiry into the Contradictions of Free Movement Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 365-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Saydé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Regulatory Arbitrage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The Creation

AbstractThe long-established contradictions of free movement law are caused by the implicit reference to two contradictory paradigms of economic integration. The first paradigm seeks to avoid the competition among private businesses being distorted by national regulations, therefore aiming at the creation of a ‘level playing field’ (regulatory neutrality paradigm). The second paradigm seeks to ensure the proper functioning of the process of competition among Member States, and accordingly aims at maximising the opportunities for ‘regulatory arbitrage’ (regulatory competition paradigm). In more detail, the tension between those two paradigms of economic integration results in three central nodes of internal market law: the eventuality of a positive harmonisation, the negative harmonisation conundrum, and the regulatory mobility dilemma. In sum, one (free movement) law is assigned the contradictory mission of ensuring the proper functioning of two competitive processes: the competition among private businesses (regulatory neutrality) and among Member States (regulatory competition).

One Law, Two Competitions: An Enquiry into the Contradictions of Free Movement Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 365-413
Author(s):  
Alexandre Saydé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Regulatory Arbitrage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
The Creation

AbstractThe long-established contradictions of free movement law are caused by the implicit reference to two contradictory paradigms of economic integration. The first paradigm seeks to avoid the competition among private businesses being distorted by national regulations, therefore aiming at the creation of a ‘level playing field’ (regulatory neutrality paradigm). The second paradigm seeks to ensure the proper functioning of the process of competition among Member States, and accordingly aims at maximising the opportunities for ‘regulatory arbitrage’ (regulatory competition paradigm). In more detail, the tension between those two paradigms of economic integration results in three central nodes of internal market law: the eventuality of a positive harmonisation, the negative harmonisation conundrum, and the regulatory mobility dilemma. In sum, one (free movement) law is assigned the contradictory mission of ensuring the proper functioning of two competitive processes: the competition among private businesses (regulatory neutrality) and among Member States (regulatory competition).

Five Perspectives on Women and Men in the IT Workforce

2011 ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Mark Wardell ◽  
Steve Sawyer ◽  
Jessica Mitory ◽  
Sara Reagor
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Girl Scouts ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Career Information ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

The opportunities in a variety of information technology (IT) occupations, such as software engineer, systems analyst and consultant, combined with increased employer interest (and need) for workers whose essential skill is knowledge and not brawn, intimate that IT is a “level playing field.” That is, simply possessing IT-related skills might mean that a worker’s gender would not be a discriminating characteristic for job-related outcomes in IT work. The perception of high-paying and gender-neutral work should encourage women to enter IT fields. This should be magnified by the increases in resources (public and private) designed to enable women to acquire IT-related skills. For example, early introduction programs, such as the Girl Scout’s STEM program, encourage entry into IT work through newsletters, career information and mentoring opportunities for young girls in the subjects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (Girl Scouts of America, 2004).

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