scholarly journals Multi-Scale Information, Network, Causality, and Dynamics: Mathematical Computation and Bayesian Inference to Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging

10.5772/55262 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Yongmei
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Mathematical Computation

Probabilistic first ply failure prediction of composite laminates using a multi-scale M-SaF and Bayesian inference approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Afzal Suleman ◽  
Curran Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Unit Cells

This paper presents a probabilistic first ply failure analysis of composite laminates using a high-fidelity multi-scale approach called M-SaF (Micromechanics-based approach for Static Failure). To this end, square and hexagonal representative unit cells of composites are developed to calculate constituent stresses with the help of a bridging matrix between macro and micro stresses referred to as the stress amplification factor matrix. Separate failure criteria are applied to each of the constituents (fiber, matrix, and interface) in order to calculate the damage state. The successful implementation of M-SaF requires strength properties of the constituents which are the most difficult and expensive to characterize experimentally, limiting the use of M-SaF in the early design stages of a structure. This obstacle is overcome by integrating a Bayesian inference approach with M-SaF. An academic sample problem of a cantilever beam is used to first demonstrate the calibration procedure. Bayesian inference calibrates the M-SaF first ply failure model parameters as posterior distributions from the prior probability density functions drawn from lamina test data. The posterior statistics were then used to calculate probabilistic first ply failure for a range of different laminates.

scholarly journals Adding Cognition to the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K Reed ◽  
Michel Dumontier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Formal Ontologies

The goal of the NIMH RDoC initiative is to establish a biological basis for mental illness that includes linking cognition to molecular biology. A key challenge lies in how to represent such large, complex, and multi-scale knowledge in a manner that can support computational analysis, including query answering. Formal ontologies, such as the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), offer a scaffold in which complex domain knowledge such as neurological and cognitive functions can be represented and linked to knowledge of molecular biology. In this article, we explore the use of SIO to represent concepts in molecular biology and in cognition. We extend SIO to traditional cognitive topics by illustrating axioms for both an information-processing and a neuroscience perspective on reading. We next discuss the NIMH RDoC taxonomy and include SIO axioms for the units-of-analysis and functions-of-behavior dimensions. An example demonstrates its use of deductive reasoning to establish causal relations across RDoC dimensions. From a broader perspective this article demonstrates how informatics can assist in integrating work in clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, molecular biology, and philosophy.

scholarly journals Wild agency: nested intentionalities in cognitive neuroscience and archaeology

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1499) ◽  
pp. 1981-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Semantic Properties

The present paper addresses the tensions between internalist and radical-interactionist approaches to cognitive neuroscience, and the conflicting conclusions these positions lead to as regards the issue of whether archaeological artefacts constitute ‘results’ or ‘components’ of cognition. Wild systems theory (WST) and the notion of wild agency are presented as a potential resolution. Specifically, WST conceptualizes organisms (i.e. wild agents) as open, multi-scale self-sustaining systems. It is thus able to address the causal properties of wild systems in a manner that is consistent with radical-interactionist concerns regarding multi-scale contingent interactions. Furthermore, by conceptualizing wild agents as self-sustaining embodiments of the persistent, multi-scale contexts that afforded their emergence and in which they sustain themselves, WST is able to address the semantic properties of wild agents in a way that acknowledges the internalist concerns regarding meaningful (i.e. semantic) internal states (i.e. causal content ). In conclusion, WST agrees with radical interactionism and asserts that archaeological artefacts constitute components of cognition. In addition, given its ability to resolve tensions between the internalist and the radical interactionist approaches to cognition, WST is presented as potentially integrative for cognitive science in general.

scholarly journals Adding Cognition to the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Stephen k Reed ◽  
Michel Dumontier
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Formal Ontologies

The goal of the NIMH RDoC initiative is to establish a biological basis for mental illness that includes linking cognition to molecular biology. A key challenge lies in how to represent such large, complex, and multi-scale knowledge in a manner that can support computational analysis, including query answering. Formal ontologies, such as the Semanticscience Integrated Ontology (SIO), offer a scaffold in which complex domain knowledge such as neurological and cognitive functions can be represented and linked to knowledge of molecular biology. In this article, we explore the use of SIO to represent concepts in molecular biology and in cognition. We extend SIO to traditional cognitive topics by illustrating axioms for both an information-processing and a neuroscience perspective on reading. We next discuss the NIMH RDoC taxonomy and include SIO axioms for the units-of-analysis and functions-of-behavior dimensions. An example demonstrates its use of deductive reasoning to establish causal relations across RDoC dimensions. From a broader perspective this article demonstrates how informatics can assist in integrating work in clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, molecular biology, and philosophy.

Normocentric biases taint cognitive neuroscience and intervention of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Mottron
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Autistic People

Abstract Stepping away from a normocentric understanding of autism goes beyond questioning the supposed lack of social motivation of autistic people. It evokes subversion of the prevalence of intellectual disability even in non-verbal autism. It also challenges the perceived purposelessness of some restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, and instead interprets them as legitimate exploratory and learning-associated manifestations.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

On the Prospects of a Cognitive Neuroscience

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Howard C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience
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