scholarly journals PRESENCE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN EQUINES IN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Dalva Assunção Portari Mancini ◽  
Aparecida Santo Pietro Pereira ◽  
Rita Maria Zucatelli Mendonça ◽  
Adelia Hiroko Nagamori Kawamoto ◽  
Rosely Cabette Barbosa Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Difference

Equines are susceptible to respiratory viruses such as influenza and parainfluenza. Respiratory diseases have adversely impacted economies all over the world. This study was intended to determine the presence of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in unvaccinated horses from some regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Blood serum collected from 72 equines of different towns in this state was tested by hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies for both viruses using the corresponding antigens. About 98.6% (71) and 97.2% (70) of the equines responded with antibody protective titers (≥ 80 HIU/25µL) H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses, respectively. All horses (72) also responded with protective titers (≥ 80) HIU/25µL against the parainfluenza virus. The difference between mean antibody titers to H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A viruses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean titers for influenza and parainfluenza viruses, on the other hand, showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). These results indicate a better antibody response from equines to parainfluenza 3 virus than to the equine influenza viruses. No statistically significant differences in the responses against H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of influenza A and parainfluenza 3 viruses were observed according to the gender (female, male) or the age (≤ 2 to 20 years-old) groups. This study provides evidence of the concomitant presence of two subtypes of the equine influenza A (H7N7 and H3N8) viruses and the parainfluenza 3 virus in equines in Brazil. Thus, it is advisable to vaccinate equines against these respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals Analysis of codon usage bias and evolution of equine influenza viruses

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. S73-S74
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Nitin Virmani ◽  
Taruna Anand ◽  
Sandeep Bhatia ◽  
Richa Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Equine Influenza

scholarly journals Antigenic and genetic analysis of equine influenza viruses from tropical Africa in 1991

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. O. Adeyefa ◽  
M. L. James ◽  
J. W. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
European Strain

SummaryA detailed analysis of equine (H3N8) influenza viruses isolated in Nigeria during early 1991 has been undertaken. Antigenic analysis and the complete nucleotide sequence of the HA gene of three Nigerian equine influenza viruses A/eq/Ibadan/4/91, A/eq/Ibadan/6/91 and A/eq/Ibadan/9/91 are presented and limited sequence analysis of each of the genes encoding the internal polypeptides of the virus has been carried out. These results establish that, despite the geographical location from which these viruses were isolated, two were similar to the viruses which were concurrently causing disease in Europe in 1989 and 1991 and were related to viruses that have been predominating in horses since 1985. The third was more closely related to viruses isolated from 1991 onward in Europe but also in other parts of the globe. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of two of the viruses isolated in Nigeria (A/eq/Ibadan/4/91 and A/eq/Ibadan/6/91) with a European strain (A/eq/Suffolk/89) showed limited variation in the haemagglutinin gene which caused amino acid substitutions in one of the antigenic sites: this mutation resulted in the potential production of a new glycosylation site in antigenic site A. The other Nigerian virus (A/eq/Ibadan/9/91) showed only a single one amino acid change from another European strain (A/eq/Arundel/12369/91). The two distinct Nigerian viruses had several amino acid substitutions in the antigenic sites of the haemagglutinin glycoprotein.

Field and laboratory studies of equine influenza viruses isolated in 1979

1981 ◽  
Vol 109 (16) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Burrows ◽  
M. Denyer ◽  
D. Goodridge ◽  
F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Equine Influenza

NS-gene based phylogenetic analysis of equine influenza viruses isolated in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kwasnik ◽  
Ilona M. Gora ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Jan F. Zmudzinski ◽  
Wojciech Rozek
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Ns Gene

scholarly journals Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific antibodies against an H7N7 and an H3N8 equine influenza virus

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Denyer ◽  
J. R. Crowther ◽  
R. C. Wardley ◽  
R. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Equine Influenza

SummaryThis paper describes a solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to equine influenza viruses. Using egg-grown influenza viruses as the antigens attached to the solid phase, crossreactions were observed between an H7N7 equine virus (designated A1) and an H3N8 equine influenza virus (designated A2) when untreated antisera were tested. Absorption of antisera with egg-grown A/Porcine/Shope/1/33 influenza virus eliminated cross-reactive antibodies so that specific detection of anti-equine influenza A1 or A2 antibodies was possible.Examination of horse sera following vaccination with A1 and/or A2 isolates showed that antibodies were produced against antigen associated with egg allantoic fluid as well as against virus. Such antibodies were eliminated following the absorption of antisera with porcine influenza virus. Results using sera from horses with known vaccination histories confirmed that the ELISA preferentially detected antibodies homologous to the antigen attached to the solid phase and methods to evaluate the current serological state of individual horses by relating the titres of specific antibodies against equine influenza A1 and A2 isolates are shown. This ELISA provides a simple and rapid method of assessing specific antibodies from horse sera and offers advantages over the ‘routine’ HI and SRH assessments since it gives high precision, is economical of reagents and has the capacity to handle large numbers of serum samples.

Equine influenza viruses isolated during outbreaks in China in 2007 and 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (10) ◽  
pp. 382-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wei ◽  
L. Xue-Feng ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
W. Ying-Yuan ◽  
D. Ling-Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Equine Influenza
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