scholarly journals Biological Control of Tetranychidae by Considering the Effect of Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khodayari ◽  
Nayereh Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Phytoseius Plumifer ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are important pests of many agricultural, medicinal and ornamental plants worldwide. They possess needle-like chelicerae which pierce plant cells, often feeding on chloroplasts on the under surface of the leaf and cause upper leaf surfaces develop whitish or yellowish stippling. Additionally spider mites produce silk webbing which covers the leaves. In this chapter we present common control methods of these mites including biological control with emphasizing on the prey preference, switching behavior and mutual interference of a biological control agent, Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago). Additionally the side effects of two acaricides, abamectin and fenpyroxymate, on this predator will be discussed.

Effects of photoperiod on induction of diapause in Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Gillespie ◽  
D.M.J. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Predatory Gall Midge

AbstractLarvae of the predatory gall midge Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) diapaused as prepupae in tightly woven, brown, silk cells on leaf surfaces. Photoperiod alone, at day lengths from 16 to 8 h did not induce diapause at either 20 or 25 °C. A low incidence of diapause was induced by a combined photoperiod and thermoperiod of an 8-h day at 25 °C and a 16-h night at 15 °C. The incidence of diapause was higher under these conditions if the larvae were fed diapausing spider mites, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Because F. acarisuga only diapauses at daylengths equivalent to mid-winter, when its prey, T. urticae, is also in diapause, it can be used as a biological control agent for T. urticae in British Columbia greenhouses throughout most of the growing season.

Evaluation of a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis against waxmoths in stored honeycombs

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC McKillup ◽  
DG Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Cost

Waxmoths cause significant damage to stored honeycombs of the Western honeybee Apis mellifera in Australia. A field experiment was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial formulation (Certan) of the biological control agent Bacillus thuringiensis in preventing this damage.Treatment applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate of 855 units per cm2 of honeycomb almost completely prevented damage, while untreated combs showed an average of 76% damage. The cost and practicality of applying the formulation of B. thuringiensis are discussed, together with the recommendation that new control methods for waxmoths should be researched.

Topical Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Virginia Vineyards to the Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman)

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Metzger ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Slide dip bioassays were conducted to determine the direct toxicity of insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides commonly used in vineyards in Virginia to Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a predatory mite under consideration as a biological control agent for spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Among the insecticides and acaricides tested in the laboratory, carbaryl, azinphos-methyl, phosmet, cyhexatin, and pyridaben caused significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mortality than the control treatment. None of the fungicides tested were toxic to the predator, but three herbicides caused high mortality. Glufosinate caused 100% mortality after 24 h, and both oxyfluorfen and paraquat had adverse effects on N. fallacis. The use of materials that were found to be toxic to the predator may not be compatible with releases of N. fallacis into Virginia vineyards. However, incorporating materials that appear to have no direct toxicity to the predator into an integrated pet management program could improve the survival rate of released N. fallacis while still protecting this high value crop from other pests.

scholarly journals Variability of infestation of rose varieties by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae under conditions of application of Phytoseiulus persimilis or acaricides

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-222
Author(s):  
V. V. Moor ◽  
A. I. Anisimov ◽  
E. G. Kozlova*
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Pest Mite ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a dangerous polyphagous pest of agricultural and ornamental plants. In a commercial greenhouse treated with acaricides or biological control using predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis individual varieties of roses differed significantly in terms of the average annual infestation by the pest mite. On the poorly populated rose varieties, the biological control agent application was more effective as compared to the acaricides. To effectively control the pest, the required predatory mite rates were 4.6–8.7 times higher on varieties with a minimal spider mite infestation (Aqua and Deep Water) as compared to the maximal pest infestation (Heaven and Brazil).

scholarly journals Enhancement of Population Size of a Biological Control Agent and Efficacy in Control of Bacterial Speck of Tomato through Salicylate and Ammonium Sulfate Amendments

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1290-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingsheng Ji ◽  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Speck ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

ABSTRACT Sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied to leaf surfaces along with suspensions of the biological control agents Pseudomonas syringae Cit7(pNAH7), which catabolizes salicylate, and Cit7, which does not catabolize salicylate, to determine whether enhanced biological control of bacterial speck of tomato could be achieved. Foliar amendment with salicylate alone significantly enhanced the population size and the efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7), but not of Cit7, on tomato leaves. Application of ammonium sulfate alone did not result in enhanced population size or biological control efficacy of either Cit7(pNAH7) or Cit7; however, when foliar amendments with both sodium salicylate and ammonium sulfate were applied, a trend toward further increases in population size and biological control efficacy of Cit7(pNAH7) was observed. This study demonstrates the potential of using a selective carbon source to improve the efficacy of a bacterial biological control agent in the control of a bacterial plant disease and supports previous conclusions that the growth of P. syringae in the phyllosphere is primarily carbon limited and secondarily nitrogen limited.

BIOLOGY OF THE TORTOISE BEETLE, CASSIDA HEMISPHAERICA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR BLADDER CAMPION, SILENE CUCUBALUS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE), IN CANADA

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 945-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Maw
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tortoise Beetle

AbstractThe biology of Cassida hemisphaerica Hbst. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is given and its suitability as a biological control agent of bladder campion, Silene cucubalus Wibel, is evaluated. Because its host range includes a number of ornamental plants in the genus Dianthus and the adults will feed on economic plants in the family Chenopodiaceae, introduction of C. hemisphaerica is not at this time justified.

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