ammonium sulfate
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2022 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 107368
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Cai ◽  
Chao Su ◽  
Xingcai Yu ◽  
Rong peng ◽  
Ruizeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Wei-Hsun Wang ◽  
Wei-Lin Li ◽  
Cheng-You Chen ◽  
Min-Yun Chang ◽  
Shu-Ling Huang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Chenopodium formosanum (CF) provides the human body with numerous nutritional components. This study used the two-phase system to identify an efficient method to obtain CF extracts. CF extraction was performed using an ethanol–ammonium sulfate two-phase system. The efficacy of different CF extracts with five types of antioxidant ability was tested and compared with traditional aqueous and alcohol extractions. Results The results showed that a separated top of the two-phase system extract had higher total phenol content (120.35 ± 5.80 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract), total flavonoid content (447.06 ± 16.57 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract) and reducing ability (284.48 ± 4.60 mg vitamin C equivalent/g dry extract) than those of other extracts. Furthermore, the separated top of the two-phase system extract and the top of the two-phase system extract had higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging ability and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radical scavenging ability than those of the water extract, alcohol extract, bottom of two-phase system extract, and separated bottom of two-phase system extract. Conclusions The results indicate that CF has great potential for use in natural plant health supplements and skin care products and that the two-phase extraction system can yield an effective CF extract. Graphical Abstract


Author(s):  
Natalie G. Jimenez ◽  
Kyle D. Sharp ◽  
Tobin Gramyk ◽  
Duncan Z. Ugland ◽  
Matthew-Khoa Tran ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Patricia N Razafindrambinina ◽  
Kotiba A Malek ◽  
Joseph Nelson Dawson ◽  
Kristin DiMonte ◽  
Timothy M Raymond ◽  
...  

Volatile organic matter that is suspended in the atmosphere such as α-Pinene and β-caryophyllene undergoes aging processes, as well as chemical and photooxidation reactions to create secondary organic aerosol (SOA),...


Author(s):  
Claurence Nkumbe Ndille ◽  
Edward Munyonyela Lena ◽  
Isaac Mupeta ◽  
Njukeng Jetro Nkengafac

The effect of the amount and the timing of single top-dressing application of Ammonium sulfate fertilizer on the growth and yield of Akitakomachi rice (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated in this study. Two amounts (20kg.ha-1 and 50kg.ha-1) of Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) fertilizer were applied at three timings;14 days after transplanting, panicle initiation, and flowering respectively, giving six treatments (14DAT:20, 14DAT:50, PI:20, PI:50, FL:20 & FL:50). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Growth data were collected on plant length, number of tillers and leaf color, and calculated yield and yield components were determined. Plant length was significantly higher in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, and lowest in FL:20 and FL:50. Tiller number was higher in 14DAT:50 compared to the other treatments. 14DAT:50 and PI:50 produced the highest number of panicles per m2. PI:20 and PI:50 had the highest number of spikelets per panicle. The 1000 grains weight was highest in PI:50 and lowest  in 14DAT:50. The highest yields were obtained in 14DAT:50 and PI:50, while FL:20 and FL:50 produced the lowest yields. The results showed that for nitrogen (N) single top-dressing application, high amounts increase both the plant growth and the grain yield if the application is done at vegetative stage or at panicle initiation stage. However, if the nitrogen (N) amount is too high, there exist the risk that the plants may lodge.


2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Văn Song Toàn Võ ◽  
Khoa Nguyên Trần ◽  
Thị Thu Xương Kim ◽  
Thị Bảo Trân Nguyễn ◽  
Hoàng Thịnh Nhan ◽  
...  

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định điều kiện trích ly và tinh sạch lectin từ đậu ma Pueraria phaseoloides. Lectin đậu ma được trích ly cùng với dung dịch NaCl 0,9% ở các tỷ lệ (w/v), thời gian và nhiệt độ ủ khác nhau. Dịch chiết thô được tinh sạch bằng phương pháp tủa phân đoạn với muối ammonium sulfate, tiếp theo là sắc ký ái lực trên gel Sepharose D-galactose để cải thiện độ tinh sạch. Kết quả cho thấy lectin đậu ma đạt hiệu quả trích ly tối ưu với hoạt tính đặc hiệu đạt là 1.579 HAA (Hemagglutination assay)/mg ở tỉ lệ với dung môi trích ly là 1:4 (w/v), tại 50oC, trong 10 phút. Dịch trích lectin đậu ma sau khi tủa phân đoạn ở nồng độ muối 40% - 50% cho hiệu suất thu hồi 35,4% với độ tinh sạch tăng 6,38 lần so với dịch trích thô; trong khi phân đoạn F1 từ sắc ký ái lực cho hiệu suất thu hồi 9,85% với độ tinh sạch tăng 16,2 lần. Kết quả điện di SDS-PAGE xuất hiện hai băng protein có khối lượng phân tử 66,0 kDa và 56,0 kDa.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rui M. A. Machado ◽  
Isabel Alves-Pereira ◽  
Yasmin Faty ◽  
Sara Perdigão ◽  
Rui Ferreira

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen source applied by fertigation to an enriched soil with organic compost on plant growth, mineral nutrition, and phytochemical contents in two successive harvests in coriander. The treatments were as follows: unfertilized soil, soil enriched with organic compost, and soil enriched with organic compost to which 60 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate and as ammonium sulfate applied by fertigation were added. Ammonium nitrate addition allowed to obtain a high total fresh yield (3.6 kg m−2) with a low inorganic nitrogen input. Ammonium nitrate increased plant shoot dry weight; fresh yield; and shoot N, K, and Ca uptake in the first harvest. Ammonium nitrate relative to organic compost and to ammonium sulfate increased fresh yield by approximately 57 and 25%, respectively. However, ammonium sulfate in the first harvest greatly increased shoot total phenols, from 137 mgGAE/100 g FW in ammonium nitrate to 280.4 mgGAE/100 g FW. Coriander’s fresh yield, in the second harvest, was unaffected by nitrogen addition. However, ammonium nitrate increased shoot total phenols and FRAP activity. Overall, the shoot phytochemical accumulation in the second harvest was lower than in the first. The combined application of ammonium nitrate and organic compost is a strategy to reduce inorganic nitrogen application.


Author(s):  
Foruzan Fathi ◽  
Rouha Kasra-Kermanshahi ◽  
Zahra Moosavi-Nejad ◽  
Elahe Mobarak Qamsari

Background and Objectives: Due to the widespread use of lipase enzymes in various industries, finding native lipase pro- ducing microorganisms is of great value and importance. In this study, screening of lipase-producing lactobacilli from native dairy products was performed. Materials and Methods: Qualitative evaluation of lipolytic activity of lipase-producing lactobacilli was performed in differ- ent media containing olive oil. A clear zone observation around the colonies indicated the lipolytic activity. The strain with the highest enzymatic activity was identified. Determination of optimal pH and temperature of lipase activity was measured by spectrophotometry using p-nitrophenyl acetate (ρ-NPA) substrate. Partial purification of lipase enzyme was performed using 20-90% saturation ammonium sulfate. Eventually, lipase was immobilized by physical adsorption on chitosan beads. Results: Among screened lipolytic bacterial strains, one sample (5c isolate) which showed the highest enzymatic activity (5329.18 U/ml) was close to Lactobacillus fermentum. During characterization, the enzyme showed maximum activity in Tris-HCl buffer with pH 7, while remaining active over a temperature range of 5°C to 40°C. The results of the quantitative assay demonstrated that the fraction precipitated in ammonium sulfate at 20% saturation has the highest amount of lipolytic activity, with a specific activity of 22.0425 ± 3.6 U/mg. Purification folds and yields were calculated as 8.73 and 44%, respec- tively. Eventually, the enzyme was immobilized by physical adsorption on chitosan beads with a yield of 56.21%. Conclusion: The high efficiency of enzyme immobilization on chitosan beads indicates the suitability of this method for long-term storage of new lipase from native 5c isolate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-608
Author(s):  
M.A. Swailam ◽  
S.A.E. Mowafy ◽  
N.Z.A. El-Naggar ◽  
E. Mansour

Increasing wheat production has become an urgent requirement to cope with rapid population growth and abrupt climate change. The management of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors for sustaining and increasing wheat production, particularly in semiarid environments. This 2-year field study, which aimed to investigate the effect of P levels (0, 35, and 70 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N forms (urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) on the yield attributes of three diverse high-yielding commercial wheat cultivars (‘Shandawel-1’, ‘Sids-14’, and ‘Sakha-95’), was carried out at Om-Elzain Village, Zagazig, Egypt. The results indicated that increasing P levels was accompanied by a substantial increase in all evaluated traits, except spike length, and that high P level (70 kg P2O5 ha−1) was superior. Considerable genetic variation was detected among the evaluated cultivars for all studied traits. Cultivar ‘Sakha-95’, followed by ‘Sids-14’, presented the most vigorous growth and enhancements in most yield components, grain yield, and biological yield. Furthermore, ‘Sakha-95’ recorded the highest agronomic P use efficiency, followed by cultivar ‘Sids-14’. N forms did not significantly affect all of the tested traits except plant height, spike number m−2, and 1000-grain weight, during both seasons. Ammonium-containing fertilizer (ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate) resulted in the highest values for these traits when compared with urea. Accordingly, ‘Sakha-95’ and ‘Sids-14’ are recommended for commercial use under high P levels. N forms had a marginally substantial effect on grain yield and its attributes.


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