Effects of photoperiod on induction of diapause in Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Gillespie ◽  
D.M.J. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Predatory Gall Midge

AbstractLarvae of the predatory gall midge Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) diapaused as prepupae in tightly woven, brown, silk cells on leaf surfaces. Photoperiod alone, at day lengths from 16 to 8 h did not induce diapause at either 20 or 25 °C. A low incidence of diapause was induced by a combined photoperiod and thermoperiod of an 8-h day at 25 °C and a 16-h night at 15 °C. The incidence of diapause was higher under these conditions if the larvae were fed diapausing spider mites, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Because F. acarisuga only diapauses at daylengths equivalent to mid-winter, when its prey, T. urticae, is also in diapause, it can be used as a biological control agent for T. urticae in British Columbia greenhouses throughout most of the growing season.

APHANOGMUS FULMEKI ASHMEAD (HYMENOPTERA: CERAPHRONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF APHIDOLETES APHIDIMYZA RONDANI (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Gilkeson ◽  
J. P. McLean ◽  
P. Dessart
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Aphidoletes Aphidimyza ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Predatory Gall Midge

The predatory gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani 1847), is a biological control agent used worldwide to control aphids. Mass-production methods are well established in Canada, the Netherlands, England, Germany, Finland, and the former U.S.S.R. (cf. van Leiburg and Ramakers 1984). In early March 1991, after 6 years of massproduction of A. aphidimyza on a rapidly increasing scale, two minute adult hymenopterous parasitoids were observed eclosing from a sample of pupae at a commercial insectary in British Columbia. It is likely that the founding parasitoid individual(s) entered the greenhouse before winter, as parasitoids appeared too early in the year to have entered from outdoors at that time.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Tetranychidae by Considering the Effect of Insecticides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khodayari ◽  
Nayereh Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Phytoseius Plumifer ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are important pests of many agricultural, medicinal and ornamental plants worldwide. They possess needle-like chelicerae which pierce plant cells, often feeding on chloroplasts on the under surface of the leaf and cause upper leaf surfaces develop whitish or yellowish stippling. Additionally spider mites produce silk webbing which covers the leaves. In this chapter we present common control methods of these mites including biological control with emphasizing on the prey preference, switching behavior and mutual interference of a biological control agent, Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago). Additionally the side effects of two acaricides, abamectin and fenpyroxymate, on this predator will be discussed.

Microsatellite isolation from the gall midge Spurgia capitigena (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a biological control agent of leafy spurge

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
CASANDRA J. LLOYD ◽  
ANDREW P. NORTON ◽  
RUTH A. HUFBAUER ◽  
STEVEN M. BOGDANOWICZ ◽  
SCOTT J. NISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Microsatellite Isolation

scholarly journals A new report of three parasitoids of the cogongrass gall-midge Orseolia javanica Kieffer & Van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Bogor West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
M N Maqalina ◽  
I S Harahap ◽  
P Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
West Java ◽  
Population Collapse

Abstract The cogongrass gall midge, Orseolia javanica, has been identified as a biological control agent with the ability to specifically attack cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) or known in Indonesia as alang-alang. However, in the field, the cogongrass gall midge has a high parasitism by insect parasitoids, which could lead to population collapse. Information regarding the insect parasitoids of the cogongrass gall midge is a very limited. The objectives of this study was to describe and identify the new reported cogongrass gall midge parasitoids in Gunung Gadung cemetery in Cipaku, South Bogor District, Bogor. This study was conducted by taking the cogongrass galls in the field, maintaining in the laboratory, identificating the parasitoids, and calculating the percentage of parasitism. The study has been conducted from August 2020 to May 2021. Three new reported parasitoids were identified on O. javanica in addition to five already known parasitoid, they were Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), Lamprotatus sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), and Nigeriella sp. (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae). These parasitoids may be able to reduce the effectiveness of the cogongrass gall-midge in controlling the cogongrass. Their morphological characters, descriptions, and percentage of parasitism are presented.

scholarly journals Divergence in photoperiod responses of a classical biological control agent Neogalerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) across a climatic and latitudinal gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyson Wepprich ◽  
Fritzi S. Grevstad
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Growing Season Length

AbstractA key knowledge gap in classical biological control is to what extent insect agents evolve to novel environments. The introduction of biological control agents to new photoperiod regimes and climates may disrupt the coordination of diapause timing that evolved to the growing season length in the native range. We tested whether populations of Neogalerucella calmariensis (L.) have evolved in response to the potential mismatch of their diapause timing since their intentional introduction to the United States from Germany in the 1990s. Populations collected from 39.4° to 48.8° latitude in the western USA were reared in growth chambers to isolate the effects of photoperiod on diapause induction and development time. For all populations, shorter day lengths increased the proportion of beetles that entered diapause instead of reproducing. The critical photoperiods, or the day length at which half of a population diapauses, differed significantly among the sampled populations, generally decreasing at lower latitudes. The latitudinal trend reflects changes in growing season length, which determines the number of generations possible, and in local day lengths at the time beetles are sensitive to this cue. Development times were similar across populations, with one exception, and did not vary with photoperiod. These results show that there was sufficient genetic variation from the two German source populations to evolve different photoperiod responses across a range of environmental conditions. This study adds to the examples of rapid evolution of seasonal adaptations in introduced insects.

Mind the gap: the delayed recovery of a population of the biological control agent Megamelus scutellaris Berg. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on water hyacinth after winter

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Miller ◽  
Julie A. Coetzee ◽  
Martin P. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Winter Temperatures

AbstractCold winter temperatures significantly affect the biological control effort against water hyacinth, Pontederia ( = Eichhornia) crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae), in more temperate regions around the world. The population dynamics of the planthopper Megamelus scutellaris Berg. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a newly released biological control agent of water hyacinth, were recorded on the Kubusi River in the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) over 15 months to determine the population recovery post-winter. Megamelus scutellaris incurred a severe population decline at the onset of winter when the water hyacinth plants became frost damaged. The combined effect of a population bottleneck and low minimum winter temperatures (6.12°C) below the agent's lower developmental threshold (11.46°C) caused a post-winter lag in agent density increase. Subsequently, the maximum agent population density was only reached at the end of the following summer growing season which allowed the water hyacinth population to recover in the absence of any significant biological control immediately post-winter. Supplementary releases of agents from mass-reared cultures at the beginning of the growing season (spring) is suggested as a potential method of reducing the lag-period in field populations in colder areas where natural population recovery of agents is slower.

UNISEXUAL BROODS IN THE GALL MIDGE CYSTIPHORA SONCHI (BREMI) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. McClay
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Single Larva

The gall midge Cystiphora sonchi (Bremi) has been released and established in Alberta and other Canadian provinces as a biological control agent for the introduced weed perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) (Peschken et al. 1989). Cystiphora sonchi oviposits in the expanding leaves of S. arvensis (DeClerck-Floate and Steeves 1995), where the-larvae form pustule galls, each containing a single larva. They pupate in a cocoon in the gall or sometimes in the soil after exiting from their galls. Adults are short-lived (usually 1 day or less) and do not feed (Peschken 1982). Under field conditions in Alberta, C. sonchi produces three generations a year (Peschken et al. 1989)

Topical Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Virginia Vineyards to the Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman)

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Metzger ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Neoseiulus Fallacis ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Slide dip bioassays were conducted to determine the direct toxicity of insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides commonly used in vineyards in Virginia to Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a predatory mite under consideration as a biological control agent for spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Among the insecticides and acaricides tested in the laboratory, carbaryl, azinphos-methyl, phosmet, cyhexatin, and pyridaben caused significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher mortality than the control treatment. None of the fungicides tested were toxic to the predator, but three herbicides caused high mortality. Glufosinate caused 100% mortality after 24 h, and both oxyfluorfen and paraquat had adverse effects on N. fallacis. The use of materials that were found to be toxic to the predator may not be compatible with releases of N. fallacis into Virginia vineyards. However, incorporating materials that appear to have no direct toxicity to the predator into an integrated pet management program could improve the survival rate of released N. fallacis while still protecting this high value crop from other pests.

scholarly journals First detection of the samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), in Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Abram ◽  
Elijah J. Talamas ◽  
Susanna Acheampong ◽  
Peter G. Mason ◽  
Tara D. Gariepy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Regulatory Review

We report the first detection of Trissolcusjaponicus, an exotic Asian egg parasitoid and the primary candidate for classical biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorphahalys, in Canada. Twenty-eight Trissolcusjaponicus emerged from an H.halys egg mass from a site heavily infested by H.halys in Chilliwack, British Columbia, in 2018. This egg mass was deployed and retrieved as part of ongoing sentinel egg mass surveys for natural enemies of H.halys from 2017–2018 in coastal and interior British Columbia (total of 1,496 egg clusters at 16 sites). The identification of T.japonicus was based on biology (high levels of successful emergence from H.halys eggs), morphology, and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Trissolcusjaponicus was not detected at any other survey sites in 2017–2018; however, three species of indigenous egg parasitoids were found attending or emerging from H.halys egg masses at low levels (<4%) at several sites. The origin of the detected T.japonicus, the extent of its establishment in British Columbia, and its ultimate impact on H.halys populations remain to be determined. Nonetheless, the detection of this exotic biological control agent in Canada concurrently with regulatory review of its intentional importation and release is emblematic of the current uncertainty around regulatory control on the movement of biological control agents across borders.

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