History, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology of the Ventricles and Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Kuru Bektaşoğlu ◽  
Bora Gürer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Colorless Liquid ◽  
Brain Ventricles ◽  
Arachnoid Granulations ◽  
Choroid Plexuses ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

Cerebrospinal fluid is an essential, clear, and colorless liquid for the homeostasis of the brain and neuronal functioning. It circulates in the brain ventricles, the cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces. The mean cerebrospinal fluid volume is 150 ml, with 125 ml in subarachnoid spaces and 25 ml in the ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is mainly secreted by the choroid plexuses. Cerebrospinal fluid secretion in adults ranges between 400 and 600 ml per day and it is renewed about four or five times a day. Cerebrospinal fluid is mainly reabsorbed from arachnoid granulations. Any disruption in this well-regulated system from overproduction to decreased absorption or obstruction could lead to hydrocephalus.

The GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 reduces cerebrospinal fluid secretion and intracranial pressure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Botfield ◽  
Maria Uldall ◽  
Connar Westgate ◽  
James Mitchell ◽  
Snorre Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

Changes in brain surface pH during acute isocapnic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Javaheri ◽  
A. Clendening ◽  
N. Papadakis ◽  
J. S. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

It has been thought that the blood-brain barrier is relatively impermeable to changes in arterial blood H+ and OH- concentrations. We have measured the brain surface pH during 30 min of isocapnic metabolic acidosis or alkalosis induced by intravenous infusion of 0.2 N HCl or NaOH in anesthetized dogs. The mean brain surface pH fell significantly by 0.06 and rose by 0.04 pH units during HCl or NaOH infusion, respectively. Respective changes were also observed in the calculated cerebral interstitial fluid [HCO-3]. There were no significant changes in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid acid-base variables. It is concluded that changes in arterial blood H+ and OH- concentrations are reflected in brain surface pH relatively quickly. Such changes may contribute to acute respiratory adaptations in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid secretion by the choroid plexus?

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1661-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Orešković ◽  
Milan Radoš ◽  
Marijan Klarica
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

scholarly journals Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. eaaz5626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pellegrini ◽  
Claudia Bonfio ◽  
Jessica Chadwick ◽  
Farida Begum ◽  
Mark Skehel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
By Products

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a vital liquid, providing nutrients and signaling molecules and clearing out toxic by-products from the brain. The CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP), a protective epithelial barrier that also prevents free entry of toxic molecules or drugs from the blood. Here, we establish human ChP organoids with a selective barrier and CSF-like fluid secretion in self-contained compartments. We show that this in vitro barrier exhibits the same selectivity to small molecules as the ChP in vivo and that ChP-CSF organoids can predict central nervous system (CNS) permeability of new compounds. The transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ChP-CSF organoids reveal a high degree of similarity to the ChP in vivo. Finally, the intersection of single-cell transcriptomics and proteomic analysis uncovers key human CSF components produced by previously unidentified specialized epithelial subtypes.

Evaluating the role of testosterone in cerebrospinal fluid secretion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connar Westgate ◽  
Hannah Botfield ◽  
Michael O'Reilly ◽  
David Hodson ◽  
Alexandra Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

Papilledema

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Absorption Increase ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

Papilledema is the cardinal clinical sign of increased intracranial pressure. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure. We next review potential causes of increased intracranial pressure, which include intracranial masses, obstruction of the ventricular system, obstruction of cerebral venous outflow, decrease in cerebrospinal fluid absorption, increase in cerebrospinal fluid secretion, cerebral edema, medications, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We then review the approach to the diagnostic evaluation of increased intracranial pressure, including the recommended neuroimaging studies and cerebrospinal fluid evaluation. Lastly, we discuss the basic management approach for the patient with symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Polyol content of cerebrospinal fluid in brain-tumor patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Watanabe ◽  
Junko Kamiyama ◽  
Hiroo Chigasaki ◽  
Shigetake Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

✓ In order to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyols are consumed by brain tissue, the concentration of seven polyols in the CSF and the serum of 30 patients with intracranial tumor and 17 control individuals was measured by gas chromatography. The mean polyol content in the control samples showed that the fructose, inositol, and glucitol levels were significantly greater in CSF than in serum. A comparison of the lumbar CSF from control subjects and 11 patients with malignant tumors exposed to the CSF snowed the fructose and inositol levels to be significantly lower (54% and 45%, respectively) and the glucose content to be slightly higher (110%) in the tumor cases. These differences were markedly greater in the ventricular than in the lumbar CSF and greater in patients with tumors exposed to the CSF space than in those with tumors buried in the brain tissue. In ventricular CSF obtained from seven patients with malignant brain tumors before and after radio— and/or chemotherapy, significant increases in fructose (34%) and glucitol (48%) levels were found, but the other polyols did not change significantly. In culture, the human glioblastoma cell growth rate was higher in the medium containing fructose and glucose than in that containing glucose alone. A notable amount of fructose and glucose was consumed by cultured glioblastoma cells. The roles of polyols contained in CSF and the effects of fructose on the growth of cultured glioblastoma cells are discussed in light of these findings and of previous reports.

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