Introductory Chapter: From Basic Foundations to Future Developments

This introductory chapter examines the “problem” of nihilism, beginning with its philosophical origins in the ideas of Plato, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche and Martin Heidegger. It is argued that film is an inherently nihilistic medium involving the evocation of illusory worlds cut loose from objective reality. This nihilism of film is distinguished from nihilism in film; the nihilistic content also present in some (but not all) movies. Criticisms of media nihilism by authors such as Thomas Hibbs and Darren Ambrose are examined. It is then argued, contrary to such critics, that cinematic nihilism is not necessarily degrading or destructive. Because the nihilism of film encourages audiences to linger in the presence of nihilism in film, cinematic nihilism potentially trains audiences to learn the positive lessons of nihilism while remaining safely detached from the sorts of dangers depicted on screen.

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Introduction: Exploring Russian nationalisms

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433853.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pål Kolstø ◽

Helge Blakkisrud

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Complex Interplay ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Part Structure

Russian societal nationalism comes in various guises, both ethnic and imperialist. Also Putin’s rhetoric is marked by the tensions between ethnic and state-focused, imperialist thinking. Noting the complex interplay of state nationalism and societal nationalism, this introductory chapter examines the mental framework within which Russian politicians were acting prior to the decision to annex Crimea. The chapter develops a typology of Russian nationalisms, surveys recent developments, and presents the three-part structure of this book: official nationalism, radical and other societal nationalisms, and identities/otherings. It concludes that after the annexation of Crimea, when the state took over the agenda of both ethnic and imperialist nationalists in Russia, societal nationalism finds itself at low ebb.

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The Evolution of Lead Extraction

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2009.5.1.32 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Melanie Maytin ◽

Laurence M Epstein ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Lead Extraction ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Device Management ◽

Future Developments ◽

The Past ◽

New Methods ◽

Life Threatening

Prior to the introduction of successful intravascular countertraction techniques, options for lead extraction were limited and dedicated tools were non-existent. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these early extraction techniques limited their application to life-threatening situations such as infection and sepsis. The past 30 years have witnessed significant advances in lead extraction technology, resulting in safer and more efficacious techniques and tools. This evolution occurred out of necessity, similar to the pressure of natural selection weeding out the ineffective and highly morbid techniques while fostering the development of safe, successful and more simple methods. Future developments in lead extraction are likely to focus on new tools that will allow us to provide comprehensive device management and the design of new leads conceived to facilitate future extraction. With the development of these new methods and novel tools, the technique of lead extraction will continue to require operators that are well versed in several methods of extraction. Garnering new skills while remembering the lessons of the past will enable extraction technologies to advance without repeating previous mistakes.

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Challenges and future developments in liver transplantation

Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica ◽

10.23736/s1121-421x.18.02529-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pierluigi Toniutto ◽

Davide Bitetto ◽

Ezio Fornasiere ◽

Elisa Fumolo

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Future Developments

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Introduction

10.23943/princeton/9780691002590.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy Woloch

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Women Reformers ◽

Single Sex ◽

Feminist Organization ◽

And Shifts ◽

Women's Bureau

This introductory chapter provides an overview of single-sex protective laws. The longevity of protective laws rests in part on reformers' bifocal defense. The goal of such laws, their proponents claimed, was to compensate for women's disadvantages in the labor market and to serve as the linchpin of a larger plan to achieve wage-and-hour standards for all employees. This double-planked rationale—though contradictory—proved versatile and enduring; it suited constituents with varied priorities. Protective laws' longevity also rested on effective social feminist organization and, after 1920, on the federal Women's Bureau. In retrospect, single-sex protective laws were an unwieldy means to achieve egalitarian ends—or what women reformers of the 1920s called “industrial equality.” However, critics charged that the laws failed to redress disadvantage and even compounded it. Protection's supporters also confronted developments they could not anticipate and shifts in attitude they could not foresee.

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