scholarly journals Advances in Maintenance of Ports and Waterways: Water Injection Dredging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kirichek ◽  
Katherine Cronin ◽  
Lynyrd de Wit ◽  
Thijs van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Fluid Mud ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Bed ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Nautical Bottom ◽  
Maintenance Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Dredging

The main objective of this chapter is to demonstrate developments in port maintenance techniques that have been intensively tested in major European ports. As regular port maintenance is highly expensive, port authorities are considering alternative strategies. Water Injection Dredging (WID) can be one of the most efficient alternatives. Using this dredging method, density currents near the bed are created by fluidizing fine-grained sediments. The fluidized sediment can leave the port channels and be transported away from the waterways via the natural force of gravity. WID actions can be successfully coupled with the tidal cycle for extra effectiveness. In addition, WID is combined with another strategy to reduce maintenance dredging: the nautical bottom approach, which enables the vessel to navigate through the WID-induced fluid mud layer. The nautical bottom approach uses the density or the yield stress of sediment to indicate the navigability after WID rather than the absolute depth to the sediment bed. Testing WID-based port maintenance requires thorough preparation. Over the years modeling and monitoring tools have been developed in order to test and optimize WID operations. In this chapter, the application of the recently developed tools is discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of disposal of fine-grained sediments from maintenance dredging works on SPM concentration and fluid mud in and outside the harbor of Zeebrugge

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1497-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fettweis ◽  
Matthias Baeye ◽  
Claudio Cardoso ◽  
Arvid Dujardin ◽  
Brigitte Lauwaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mud ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Spm Concentration ◽  
Maintenance Dredging ◽  
The Impact

An assessment of the Upper Succession and the related secondary reservoirs in the Welton Field, onshore UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 595-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Steventon ◽  
Mike Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Petrophysical Logs ◽  
Crevasse Splay

AbstractThe Welton oil field has produced nearly 20 MMBO (million barrels of oil) since discovery in 1981. Now in post-plateau decline, there is increasing reliance on a series of secondary reservoirs. Production has been from a suite of stacked reservoirs deposited by large-scale prograding delta-plain systems of early Westphalian age. Whilst the bulk of production has been from the Basal Succession, a considerable upside is considered to exist in the less well-studied Upper Succession that comprises predominantly distributary channel and crevasse splay deposits which have produced in excess of 3 MMBO. These accumulations occur within the Deep Soft Rock, Deep Hard Rock and Tupton reservoirs.This paper focuses on a sedimentological analysis of cored intervals, integrated with petrophysical logs and detailed production data to enable further recommendations to identify areas of undrained pay, along with identifying additional reservoir management activities that could optimize future offtake from the field. These reservoirs consist predominantly of very fine-grained sandstone, with permeability values rarely attaining 100 mD and average porosity values of 10–12%.Recommendations include executing tracer communication tests and building a detailed field model, as well as a pilot water-injection scheme to increase production from some of Welton's secondary reservoirs.Supplementary material: A full set of detailed sedimentological logs for each of the cored wells in this study is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3593984

Volcano-stratigraphy of the extension-related silicic volcanism of the Çubukludağ Graben, western Turkey: an example of generation of pyroclastic density currents

2013 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZEKIYE KARACIK ◽  
SENGUL C. GENÇ
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Pyroclastic Density Currents ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Silicic Volcanism ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Deformation ◽  
Volcanic Succession ◽  
Lake Waters

AbstractWestern Turkey's extension-related Cumaovası volcanic rocks (Lower Miocene, 17 Ma) are excellent examples of silicic eruptions. The sub-aerial silicic volcanism at Çubukludağ Graben between İzmir and Kuşadası in west–central Anatolia is mainly in the form of rhyolite domes, lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. The initial features of volcanism derived from phreatomagmatic explosive eruptions from silicic magma that came into contact with lake waters during Neogene times. Most of the volcanic succession represents pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), known as the Kuner ignimbrite. The deposits are fine grained and laminated at the base and pass laterally and vertically into deposits displaying well-developed traction structures, soft sediment deformation and/or erosion channels in the NE part of the region. Alternate deposits of massive, diffusely stratified lapilli and ash are the main products of the later explosive stage. Massive lithic breccias forming the top of the sequences are the proximal facies of the PDCs. The lava phase mainly consists of rhyolite extruded as dome and fissure eruptions of lavas, aligned along NE–SW-trending faults as well as from extensional cracks that are nearly perpendicular to the main graben faults. Considering the tectono-stratigraphical aspects and geochemical nature of the study area, we propose that the Cumaovası silicic volcanism was produced by extension-related crustal melting during the Late–Early Miocene period (17 Ma).

scholarly journals Cohesive and mixed sediment in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v3.6) implemented in the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST r1179)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Sherwood ◽  
Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta ◽  
Courtney K. Harris ◽  
J. Paul Rinehimer ◽  
Romaric Verney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Cohesive Sediment ◽  
Ocean Modeling ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Regional Ocean Modeling System ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sediment Bed ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Mixed Sediment ◽  
Floc Characteristics

Abstract. We describe and demonstrate algorithms for treating cohesive and mixed sediment that have been added to the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS version 3.6), as implemented in the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST Subversion repository revision 1179). These include: floc dynamics (aggregation and disaggregation in the water column); changes in floc characteristics in the seabed; erosion and deposition of cohesive and mixed (combination of cohesive and non-cohesive) sediment; and biodiffusive mixing of bed sediment. These routines supplement existing non-cohesive sediment modules, thereby increasing our ability to model fine-grained and mixed-sediment environments. Additionally, we describe changes to the sediment bed-layering scheme that improve the fidelity of the modeled stratigraphic record. Finally, we provide examples of these modules implemented in idealized test cases and a realistic application.

The role of clay minerals in influencing porosity and permeability characteristics in the Bridport Sands of Wytch Farm, Dorset

Clay Minerals ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Morris ◽  
C. M. Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

AbstractThe Bridport Sands is a widespread marine sandstone of Lower Jurassic age found in much of southern England. It is a very fine grained, moderately sorted quartz-arenite and is characterized by the alternation of friable and hard calcareous-cemented layers. The sands form the upper reservoir in the Wytch Farm Field, Dorset, which is currently producing at the rate of around 4000 barrels per day. Investigation of core material to assess the suitability of water injection for gas/oil recovery has shown that significant reductions of liquid permeability compared to air permeability occur. These reductions vary from 30% or less in the best quality reservoir to more than 70% in low-permeability sandstones. Clay minerals in the Bridport Sands comprise mainly kaolinite and mixed-layer clays of both the illite-chlorite and illite-smectite types. Small amounts of vermiculite and chlorite also occur. The kaolinite is found as loosely-attached, discrete particles, whilst the mixed-layer clays form patchy pore linings. The permeability reductions may be explained by: (i) the adsorption of water and expansion of poorly-crystalline mixed-layer illite-smectites causing blockage of pore space (this reduction is largely reversible) and (ii) the physical movement of authigenic kaolinite crystal aggregates blocking pore-throats (this reduction is largely non-reversible). The pore-size distribution, clay particle sizes, the distribution of the clays within the pore space, and the composition of the clays are all important factors in controlling porosity/permeability relationships and permeability reductions in the friable reservoir intervals in the Bridport Sands.

A Silt-Salinity-Depth Profiling Instrument

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
I. E. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Transport Patterns

The planning of new port facilities in muddy estuaries often calls for the acquisition of velocity, salinity and suspended solids data throughout the length of the estuary at several stages of the tidal cycle. The tidal regime in most estuaries causes periodic scour, transport in suspension, and deposition of fine grained sediments. Interaction of the tidal and fluvial flows may generate a pattern of saline stratification and longitudinal density currents which are important in determining the zones of maximum siltation in the navigation channel. Each estuary has a unique tidal current-salinity-sediment transport regime. It is a major exercise to organise the simultaneous measurement of these variables from a series of stationary barges or boats, especially if the salinity and sediment transport patterns depend on the occurrence of particular combinations of tides and fluvial flows. Because the measurement of salinity and suspended solids by conventional sampling techniques is a slow process, a profiling instrument has been developed at the Hydraulics Research Station, which permits measurements to be made rapidly from a high speed launch at several sites during substantially identical tidal states. This paper describes the design of the transducers used for salinity and suspended solids measurements, and how they have been incorporated into a simple low cost system for rapid indications of the results.

scholarly journals HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE DUMPED IN COASTAL WATERS

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Billy L. Edge
Keyword(s):  
Dredged Material ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Maintenance Dredging ◽  
Disposal Problem ◽  
Wastewater Sludges

Due to increased environmental pressures, there is a rapidly growing tendency to shift from traditional land disposal of dredged material to offshore or ocean disposal. The quantities of such materials are quite large, resulting in a very serious disposal problem. For example, maintenance dredging alone produces approximately six million cubic yards of material annually in Charleston Harbor. Existing techniques are reasonably adequate to describe the transport and settling characteristics of coarse, sandy dredge materials discharged from barges or hopper dredges at sea. However, such approaches need to be modified to describe the transport of fine-grained clay and silt materials. This material constitutes a significant portion of the dredged material resulting from both new harbor and channel construction and maintenance dredging along the coast of the Carolinas and Georgia. These fine-grained materials are subject to many additional physical forces as well as chemical phenomena, e.g., flocculation, salinity and temperature variations, etc. A hydrodynamic model for fine-grained dredged material has been developed which considers many of these forces. It is also applicable for describing the transport mechanisms associated with barge disposal of wastewater sludges from municipal and industrial sources. The results of the model indicate what discharge strategies are necessary for placing the sludge at a desired location or depth with a predetermined concentration.

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