The Structures of Crime
Chapter 6 begins the second part of this study with an examination of the structures of collective crime. The author begins with explanations of the various Chinese terms that have been used in the past to depict what in English is called “banditry” and next move on to present a typology of sworn brotherhood associations common in Guangdong in the mid-Qing period. Much of the remaining discussion focuses on recruitment methods and organizational attributes of bandit gangs and sworn brotherhoods. Here I consider several types of bandit organizations, such as formal and informal gangs, and the close relationships that sworn brotherhoods had with banditry in Guangdong during that time.