Factors Critical for Improving Intergenerational Mobility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Social Program ◽  
The Us ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Housing Estates

Failure to appreciate theimportant fact that poverty propagated itself in the absence of a parent or a social program that had time to help young childrenhas allowed child poverty to fester, compromising children’s ability to go to school, their willingness to learn, their attitudes, and their motivation. This is a major cause of worsening intergenerational mobility and poverty. The research findings of Chetty et al. confirm the importance of investing in schooling, of having stable families, and of building communities to provide positive encouragement and support for the disadvantaged. The isolated, remote public housing estates we have in Hong Kong are unlikely to foster such communities.The findings from the US and Hong Kong strongly suggest that public sector housing policy to subsidize low-income families should be changed from providing subsidized rental housing units to homeownership units. This would have three different effects for increasing intergenerational mobility among low-income households.

scholarly journals Geography of intergenerational mobility and child development

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (35) ◽  
pp. 9320-9325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Donnelly ◽  
Irwin Garfinkel ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Brandon G. Wagner ◽  
Sarah James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Low Income Families

Recent research by Chetty and colleagues finds that children’s chances of upward mobility are affected by the communities in which they grow up [Chetty R, Hendren N (2016) Working paper 23002]. However, the developmental pathways through which communities of origin translate into future economic gain are not well understood. In this paper we examine the association between Chetty and Hendren’s county-level measure of intergenerational mobility and children’s cognitive and behavioral development. Focusing on children from low-income families, we find that growing up in a county with high upward mobility is associated with fewer externalizing behavioral problems by age 3 years and with substantial gains in cognitive test scores between ages 3 and 9 years. Growing up in a county with 1 SD better intergenerational mobility accounts for ∼20% of the gap in developmental outcomes between children from low- and high-income families. Collectively, our findings suggest that the developmental processes through which residential contexts promote upward mobility begin early in childhood and involve the enrichment of both cognitive and social-emotional development.

After the Projects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Hope Vi ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Initiative

At a time when lower-income Americans face a desperate struggle to find affordable rental housing in many cities, After the Projects investigates the contested spatial politics of public housing development and redevelopment. Public housing practices differ markedly from city to city and, collectively, reveal deeply held American attitudes about poverty and how the poorest should be governed. The book exposes the range of outcomes from the US federal government’s HOPE VI program for public housing transformation, focused on nuanced accounts of four very different ways of implementing this same national initiative—in Boston, New Orleans, Tucson, and San Francisco. It draws upon more than two hundred interviews, analysis of internal documents about each project, and nearly fifteen years of visits to these neighborhoods. The central aim is to understand how and why some cities, when redeveloping public housing, have attempted to minimize the presence of the poorest residents in their new mixed-income communities, while other cities have instead tried to serve the maximum number of extremely low-income households. The book shows that these socially and politically revealing decisions are rooted in distinctly different kinds of governance constellations—each yielding quite different sorts of community pressures. These have been forged over many decades in response to each city’s own struggle with previous efforts at urban renewal. In contrast to other books that have focused on housing in a single city, this volume offers comparative analysis and a national picture, while also discussing four emblematic communities with an unprecedented level of detail.

Emerging Adult Essay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang Suet Yee Michelle
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chinese Student ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The University

I am a 19-year-old female Chinese student studying business and law at the University of Hong Kong. I have participated in volunteering activities since secondary school. I taught computer classes for the elderly and gave free lessons to children from low-income families. I hosted games for the mentally challenged. I took part in flag-selling activities. I also participated in a service trip last year....

scholarly journals Water Pricing and Affordability in the US: Public vs Private Ownership

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez Rivas ◽  
Mary Grant ◽  
Mildred E. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Community Water Systems ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Community Water ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Annual Water

We examine the 500 largest community water systems in the US to explore if ownership is related to annual water bills and the percent of income that low-income households spend on water. Results show that, among the largest water systems, private ownership is related to higher water prices and less affordability for low-income families. In states with regulations favorable to private providers, water utilities charge even higher prices. Affordability issues are more severe in communities with higher poverty and older infrastructure. Water policy needs to address ownership and regulation and explore new mechanisms to ensure water affordability for low-income residents.

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