scholarly journals The Efficacy of Time Perspective Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Females with Breast Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mirzania ◽  
Manijeh Firoozi ◽  
Ali Saberi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Breast cancer is the biggest risk factor that endangers women's health. It is considered the highest stress-causing disease due to the unpleasant effects of disease on different aspects of patients’ life. Breast cancer is commonly associated with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and its comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. It appears that time perspective therapy (TPT), as a new psychological treatment, can reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in females with breast cancer. Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial conducted from February to September 2019. A total of 30 patients with breast cancer were selected through a convenience sampling technique and were randomly divided into the control and treatment groups. The latter group attended 6-week sessions (each session lasted 90 minutes long) to receive TPT. To conduct pretest and posttest, all participants in the two groups were asked to fill out the following questionnaires: (1) Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI); (2) The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL); (3) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); and (4) the second version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of treatment. A P-value smaller than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data analysis of 28 patients from the experimental and control groups showed that TPT significantly reduced the symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in the treatment group (P < 0.001 for symptoms of post-traumatic stress and anxiety, and P = 0.002 for depression). Such a difference was not seen in the control group. Conclusions: TPT may be an effective approach to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in Iranian women with breast cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings, which may in turn help heath care professionals use TPT to promote the mental health of females with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of Psychodrama on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Primary School Students Living in Earthquake-stricken Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-417
Author(s):  
Farideh Hamidi ◽  
◽  
Shoaib Sobhani Tabar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in primary school students living in earthquake-stricken areas. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design using a control group. The study population consists of all male primary school students diagnosed with PTSD living in Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the PTSD criteria, and were then divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). Research instruments were a diagnostic interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria and the PTSD Checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Psychodrama reduced the symptoms of PTSD in children with an effect size of 0.51 (P<0.001). Conclusion: Psychodrama is an effective method for reducing the PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological problems. For the generalization of its results, further studies are recommended.

Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression following major physical civilian trauma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862110261
Author(s):  
Arham Qureshi ◽  
Edward Dickenson ◽  
Peter Wall
Keyword(s):  
Usual Care ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Better Than

Introduction Approximately 16% of the world’s burden of disease is attributable to traumatic injury. Psychological symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are prevalent in this population and impact recovery from physical injury. Nevertheless, mental health has not been considered to the same degree as physical health. Psychological interventions are used widely as treatments for PTSD. Methods Systematic searches of computerised databases were conducted. Randomised controlled trials of psychological treatments for PTSD following major physical civilian trauma were included. The main outcome measure was clinician-assessed symptoms of PTSD (CAPS), with findings for anxiety and depression also reported. Included studies data were extracted and entered using RevMan 5.3 software. Quality assessments were performed, and data were analysed for summary effects. Results 10 studies were included. With regard to CAPS <6 months, individual CBT did significantly better than usual care/wait list (SMD (95% CI) = −1.24 [−1.82, −0.67]) and non-CBT treatments (SMD (95% CI) = −1.32 [−2.64, −0.04]). Non-CBT treatments were not significantly better than usual care/wait list (SMD (95% CI) −1.40 [−2.91, 0.11]). CBT was superior to usual care/wait list for reducing depressive (SMD (95% CI) −0.67 [−0.98, −0.37]) and anxiety (SMD (95% CI) −0.70 [−1.22, −0.18]) symptoms both in the shorter and longer term. Conclusion Individual CBT was superior to wait list/usual care, and there was limited evidence for non-CBT treatments in reducing clinician and self-rated PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms in the shorter term; however, the latter comparison was based on few studies with small sample sizes. Longer-term effects of treatments remain uncertain. There is a need for adequately powered RCTs investigating PTSD treatments following major physical civilian trauma in the longer term. There was considerable heterogeneity in the studies, so care must be taken in interpreting the results of this review.

Changes of 5-HT1A receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1081
Author(s):  
F.F. Luo ◽  
F. Han ◽  
X.Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized mainly by symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal as a consequence of catastrophic and traumatic events that are distinguished from ordinary stressful life events. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is an established animal model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-serotonin (5-HT) system is dramatically affected by swim stress and has been implicated in affective disorders. The 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is critically involved in regulating mood and anxiety levels.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated changes in the expression of 5-HT1AR in DR of rats after SPS which may reveal part of the pathogenesis of PTSD.MethodsRats were randomly divided into 24h, 4d and 7d groups after SPS and a normal control group, 5-HT1AR expression in DR was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe expression of 5-HT1AR in DR after SPS exposure was increased when compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest increase of 5-HT1AR in DR of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.

Association Between Structural Determinants of Health and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Mahmoodi ◽  
Kian Javadi Koshesh ◽  
Ghaffar Almasi ◽  
Safura Pournajaf ◽  
Hadith Rastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Psychological problems, such as post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), are among the most important complications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in people. Studying the social determinants of health (SDH) and its impact on the populations during the crisis will help governments deal better with health emergencies so that every person can have an equal opportunity to stay healthy. Objective: To determine what factors affect PTSS, we conducted a study to investigate the association between structural determinants of health and PTSS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 370 people referred to a selected laboratory between June and July 2020 in Karaj province, Iran. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 8-item inventory was used to evaluate the PTSS and its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance in the participants. Results: Overall, 51.2% of participants were male, and 17.3% were positive for the IgM or IgG COVID-19 test. The most common symptoms in these patients were weakness, myalgia, cough, anosmia, and fever. The prevalence of total PTSS, intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance symptoms were 7.1%, 25.7%, 41.6%, and 16.2%, respectively. In univariable regression analysis, female gender (p-value=0.01, 95%CI (2.25-0.31)), un-employment (p-value=0.011, 95%CI (0.37-2.81)), having symptoms of COVID-19 disease (p-value=0.000, 95%CI (.82-2.75)), underlying chronic disease, were directly associated with PTSS. Conclusion: Results showed that sex and occupation as structural determinants of health could affect PTSS in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in the multivariable model, having symptoms of the COVID-19 disease and underlying disease affected PTSS.

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