Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Review of the Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Laurini ◽  
J. Elliot Carter
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Neural Origin ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are mesenchymal neoplasms with a spectrum of histologic appearances and biologic activity. The morphologic classification of these lesions has evolved over time, and molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of their nature. The histologic differential diagnosis for these lesions is broad and includes many spindle cell lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, including neoplasms of true smooth muscle and neural origin, proliferating fibrous lesions, metastatic neoplasms, and primary sarcomas of vascular and adipose origin. Immunohistochemical studies that include CD117 have become invaluable in the classification of mesenchymal lesions arising in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors has historically been involved surgery, but the use of the chemotherapeutic agent imatinib mesylate for advanced disease has made accurate classification even more important. The molecular features have not only allowed us to understand the pathogenesis of these tumors but also have proven to be associated with response to kinase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour with Metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-033
Author(s):  
Bhushita Lakhar ◽  
Nilesh Guru
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Mitotic Frequency ◽  
Malignant Lesions

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most usual mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Ever since the classification of GIST as an entity distinct from leiomyoma's, leiomyosarcomas, etc., there has been an increased concern in defining their imaging characteristics. It is estimated that approximately 5000-10,000 people are affected per year by this tumor all over the world. Most GISTs are benign (70-80%). However, these tumors have a spectrum ranging from benign to malignant lesions, depending on its anatomic site, tumor size, and mitotic frequency. We report a case of multiple malignant GIST with metastasis into Liver.

scholarly journals Primary Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Retroperitoneum

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CMO.S9180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Casella ◽  
Vincenzo Villanacci ◽  
Filippo D'adda ◽  
Manuela Codazzi ◽  
Bruno Salerni
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Retroperitoneal Mass ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Paravertebral Region ◽  
Histology And Immunohistochemistry

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. More rarely neoplasms with histology and immunohistochemistry similar to GISTs may occur outside the gastrointestinal tract (omentum, mesentery and retroperitoneum) and are so-called Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (EGISTs). EGISTs arising in the retroperitoneum are extremely rare: to date, only 58 cases have been reported in the literature. Case Report We herein report a case of a primary EGIST of the retroperitoneum surgically treated. The pre-operative radiological evaluation showed a retroperitoneal mass, placed in left paravertebral region. Results Morphological and immunohistochemical features led to a diagnosis of extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (intermediate-low risk form). Conclusions As a result of the rarity of reports of primary EGISTs of retroperitoneum we need to analyze the data of reported cases in order to gain a better understanding about the pathogenesis, prognosis and optimal treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor during Pregnacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilay Gözükara ◽  
T. U. Kutlu Dilek ◽  
Hüseyin Durukan ◽  
Duygu Düsmez Apa ◽  
Suna Kabil Kucur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Cd 117 ◽  
Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Oncogene Protein

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms without connection to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and EGIST are similar according to their clinicopathologic and histomorphologic features. Both of them most often express immunoreactivity for CD-117, a c-kit proto-oncogene protein. The coexistence of GIST and pregnancy is very rare, with only two cases reported in the literature. In this paper, we presented the first EGIST case during pregnancy in the literature.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erinn Downs-Kelly ◽  
Brian P. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Factor Receptor Alpha

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract and are diverse not only in their clinical behavior but also in their histologic appearance. GISTs are insensitive to conventional sarcoma chemotherapy and radiation. However GISTs are sensitive to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors as 85–90% of GISTs have KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) mutations, which drive tumorigenesis. This review will briefly touch on the clinicopathological features of GIST, while the majority of the review will focus on the clinical and treatment ramifications of KIT and PDGFRA mutations found in GIST.

scholarly journals Giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of ileum: the gist of GIST: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
M. S. Ray ◽  
B. S. Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Stromal Tumor ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are relatively rare pathology as compared with other mitotic lesions of GIT. However, GIST is the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Biopsy of the lesion and Immuno-Histo-Chemistry (IHC) for CD117 confirms the diagnosis. Surgery remains the standard of care and only potentially curative therapy for patients with primary, resectable, localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor. However, chemotherapy with Imatinib is added in neoadjuvant or adjuvant form according to clinical situation, and histopathological status of the lesion.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Distal Gastrointestinal Tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kelley ◽  
Raphael Byrne ◽  
Kim Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Improved Outcomes

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare in occurrence, but comprise the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and affect between 15 and 20 individuals per million per year. Due to recent advancements in molecular classification of these tumors, medical therapy has provided improved outcomes to a historically surgically managed disease. This review article briefly discusses the molecular characteristics, medical and surgical therapies, and future of GIST management.

Cytologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Low-Grade Spindle Cell Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1038-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilam Virani ◽  
Judy Pang ◽  
Madelyn Lew
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Ancillary Studies

Spindle cell lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are relatively uncommon compared with the frequency of their epithelial counterparts. Although gastrointestinal stromal tumors and leiomyomas are the most commonly encountered spindle cell lesions in the stomach and esophagus, respectively, there are other less common diagnostic entities that should be considered for accurate diagnoses as well as appropriate patient treatment and clinical follow-up. Given the morphologic overlap of low-grade spindle cell lesions on cytologic preparations, ancillary studies play a key role in differentiating these lesions from one another.

scholarly journals A Case Report of a Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Occurring in Femur

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-kun Zheng ◽  
Wu-Sheng Kan ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour ◽  
Metastatic Site ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms that most commonly affect the stomach or small intestine, but can occur anywhere throughout the gastrointestinal tract. To the best of our knowledge, few cases have been reported in the literature about the femur metastasis of GIST. This paper describes a metastasis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) to the femur in a 62-year-old male, 2 years after treatment for a gastric primary. There were no signs of tumor recurrence at followup after 12 mo. This case suggests that the femur can be a potential metastatic site of GIST.

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