Role of syrian hamsters and nonhuman primates in covid-19 research

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Deepak Y. Patil ◽  
Sreelekshmy Mohandas ◽  
Pragya D. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

scholarly journals Prenatal Androgen Effects as a Proximate Mechanism Underpinning Variation in Social Behavior Among Female Nonhuman Primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Howlett ◽  
Brandon C. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Proximate Mechanism ◽  
Cooperative Behaviors ◽  
Androgen Effects ◽  
Prenatal Androgen

AbstractWhile the role of ecological factors in shaping primate social systems has been a central focus for decades, less attention has been given to phylogenetic relationships and the potential role of underlying proximate mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between one such proximate mechanism, prenatal androgen effects (PAEs), and aspects of social behavior in female nonhuman primates using the 2D:4D ratio as a proxy for PAEs and phylogenetically controlled methods. In general, female 2D:4D ratios were highest in monogamous species (low inferred PAEs) and lowest in polygynandrous and polygynous species (high inferred PAEs). 2D:4D ratios also varied with the form of polygyny/polygynandry, potentially with regard to the need for competitive over cooperative behaviors and the intensity of female reproductive competition. Species characterized by female dominance had lower 2D:4D ratios than species characterized by male dominance or codominance. There were no significant relationships between 2D:4D ratio and either degree of frugivory or group size. Relationships between 2D:4D ratios and the directional consistency index and 2D:4D ratios and rates of female–female agonism were also nonsignificant although sample sizes for both of these variables were small. Female social relationships are a manifestation of complex competitive and cooperative behaviors and the results suggest that PAEs may act as a proximate mechanism underlying the expression of certain aspects of behavior in female primates in ways that are adaptive to their social system.

scholarly journals Nonhuman primates express human leukemia-associated antigens

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078
Author(s):  
JM Pesando ◽  
TA Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Leukemia Antigen

Serologic studies using four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and five monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp24 surface antigen indicate that these leukemia-associated antigens are present on cells of comparable tissues in man and in four nonhuman primates. As in man, adherent cell populations obtained from skin, lung, and bone marrow of Macaca fascicularis, M mulatta, M nemestrina, and Papio cynocephalus react with these antibodies. Similarly, granulocytes from both man and these nonhuman primates bind CALLA- and gp24-specific antibodies. Radioimmune precipitation experiments confirm the identity of these antigens. Our studies suggest that nonhuman primates can be used to screen serologic reagents to leukemia-associated antigens for potential toxic effects on normal tissues prior to their use in man. Similarly, nonhuman primates could be employed to assess the possible role of antigen-positive stromal cells in the reconstitution of bone marrow following transplantation.

scholarly journals Nonhuman primates express human leukemia-associated antigens

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Pesando ◽  
TA Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Leukemia Antigen

Abstract Serologic studies using four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and five monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp24 surface antigen indicate that these leukemia-associated antigens are present on cells of comparable tissues in man and in four nonhuman primates. As in man, adherent cell populations obtained from skin, lung, and bone marrow of Macaca fascicularis, M mulatta, M nemestrina, and Papio cynocephalus react with these antibodies. Similarly, granulocytes from both man and these nonhuman primates bind CALLA- and gp24-specific antibodies. Radioimmune precipitation experiments confirm the identity of these antigens. Our studies suggest that nonhuman primates can be used to screen serologic reagents to leukemia-associated antigens for potential toxic effects on normal tissues prior to their use in man. Similarly, nonhuman primates could be employed to assess the possible role of antigen-positive stromal cells in the reconstitution of bone marrow following transplantation.

Chikungunya Virus: Role of Vectors in Emergence from Enzootic Cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Weaver ◽  
Rubing Chen ◽  
Mawlouth Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Geographic Expansion

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus, has caused millions of cases of severe, often chronic arthralgia during recent outbreaks. In Africa, circulation in sylvatic, enzootic cycles involves several species of arboreal mosquito vectors that transmit among diverse nonhuman primates and possibly other amplifying hosts. Most disease occurs when CHIKV emerges into a human-amplified cycle involving Aedes aegypti and sometimes Aedes albopictus transmission and extensive spread via travelers. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the transition from enzootic to epidemic cycles begins when people are infected via spillover in forests. However, efficient human amplification likely only ensues far from enzootic habitats where peridomestic vector and human densities are adequate. Recent outbreaks have been enhanced by mutations that adapt CHIKV for more efficient infection of Ae. albopictus, allowing for geographic expansion. However, epistatic interactions, sometimes resulting from founder effects following point-source human introductions, have profound effects on transmission efficiency, making CHIKV emergence somewhat unpredictable.

scholarly journals STAT2 Knockout Syrian Hamsters Support Enhanced Replication and Pathogenicity of Human Adenovirus, Revealing an Important Role of Type I Interferon Response in Viral Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e1005084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoly Toth ◽  
Sang R. Lee ◽  
Baoling Ying ◽  
Jacqueline F. Spencer ◽  
Ann E. Tollefson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

scholarly journals On the Role of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus and Mesencephalic Reticular Formation in Locomotion in Nonhuman Primates

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 4917-4929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Goetz ◽  
Brigitte Piallat ◽  
Manik Bhattacharjee ◽  
Hervé Mathieu ◽  
Olivier David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document