Variations in esterases and Glutathione-S-Transferase levels in Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius) Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Shah Vivek ◽  
Chitra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

scholarly journals Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii strain JMC-01 on the physiology, biochemistry, and mortality of Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype nymphs

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xie ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Jianshe Li ◽  
Bo Hong ◽  
Xinpu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Protective Enzyme ◽  
Protective Enzymes ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Control Resource

Background Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungi, which was isolated from insects suffering from disease. Now, it is an effective bio-control resource that can control agricultural pests such as whitefly and aphids. There are many studies on the control of various agricultural pests by L. lecanii, but no report on its control of Bemisia tabaci biotype-Q exists. In this work, we studied the susceptibility of B. tabaci Q-biotype (from Ningxia, China) to L. lecanii JMC-01 in terms of nymph mortality and the changes in detoxifying protective enzymes activities. Methods B. tabaci nymphs were exposed to L. lecanii JMC-01 conidia by immersion with the host culture. Mortality was assessed daily for all nymph stages. The detoxifying and protective enzyme activity changes, weight changes, and fat, and water contents of the nymphs were determined spectrophotometrically. Results All instars of B. tabaci died after being infested with 1 × 108 conidia/mL. The 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible, followed by the 3rd-instar nymphs. The corrected cumulative mortality of the 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs was 82.22% and 75.55%, respectively. The levels of detoxifying and protective enzymes initially increased and then decreased. The highest activities of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, peroxidase, and catalase occurred on the 3rd day, reaching 10.5, 0.32, 20, and 6.3 U/mg prot, respectively. These levels were 2.2-, 4.3-, 2.4-, and 1.4-fold the control levels, respectively. The highest activities of glutathione-S transferase and superoxide dismutase on the 2nd day were, respectively, 64 and 43.5 U/mg prot. These levels were, respectively, 2.7 and 1.1-fold that of the control level. The water and fat content in the infected B. tabaci nymphs decreased and differed significantly from the control levels. The weight increased continuously in the first 24 h, decreasing thereafter. At 72 h, the infestation level was about 0.78-fold that of the control level. Conclusions The studied L. lecanii JMC-01 strain is pathogenic to the B. tabaci Q-biotype. This strain interferes with the normal functioning of detoxifying and protective enzymes, and is also involved in the disruption of normal physiological metabolism in B. tabaci.

scholarly journals Molecular Evolution of the Glutathione S-Transferase Family in the Bemisia tabaci Species Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3857-3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Aidlin Harari ◽  
Diego Santos-Garcia ◽  
Mirit Musseri ◽  
Pnina Moshitzky ◽  
Mitulkumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
New Host ◽  
Delta Sigma ◽  
Environmentally Responsive ◽  
Gst Family

Abstract The glutathione S-transferase (GST) family plays an important role in the adaptation of herbivorous insects to new host plants and other environmental constrains. The family codes for enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species and phytotoxins through the conjugation of reduced glutathione. Here, we studied the molecular evolution of the GST family in Bemisia tabaci, a complex of >35 sibling species, differing in their geographic and host ranges. We tested if some enzymes evolved different functionality, by comparing their sequences in six species, representing five of the six major genetic clades in the complex. Comparisons of the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratios detected positive selection events in 11 codons of 5 cytosolic GSTs. Ten of them are located in the periphery of the GST dimer, suggesting a putative involvement in interactions with other proteins. Modeling the tertiary structure of orthologous enzymes, identified additional 19 mutations in 9 GSTs, likely affecting the enzymes’ functionality. Most of the mutation events were found in the environmentally responsive classes Delta and Sigma, indicating a slightly different delta/sigma tool box in each species. At a broader genomic perspective, our analyses indicated a significant expansion of the Delta GST class in B. tabaci and a general association between the diet breadth of hemipteran species and their total number of GST genes. We raise the possibility that at least some of the identified changes improve the fitness of the B. tabaci species carrying them, leading to their better adaptation to specific environments.

Host associated variations in esterase and glutathione-s-transferase in Bemisia Tabaci

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Shah Vivek ◽  
Chitra Srivastava ◽  
S Subramanian ◽  
N C Naveen
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Insecticide Resistance in Shandong Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-917
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Hong-Yang Li ◽  
Jing-Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) complex comprises important pests and virus vectors in agricultural crops worldwide. In China, B. tabaci has spread to more than 20 provinces and caused severe losses of vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants. However, B. tabaci has developed resistance to many insecticidal classes in Shandong Province, eastern China. In this study, we investigated the cryptic species, insecticide resistance and detoxifying enzymes of B. tabaci from six representative locations exhibiting severe damage in Shandong. At four of the six locations, B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) comprised 100% of the samples collected. In a further two locations, species composition was predominantly (>94%) MED with B. tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), comprising a low proportion (<6%) of the samples collected. For all field populations, avermectin was the most effective insecticide against adult B. tabaci, pyriproxyfen had a significant effect on B. tabaci eggs and field populations were susceptible to pymetrozine. Six field populations of B. tabaci have developed low-to-moderate resistance to neonicotinoids. The detoxifying enzyme activity of carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and multifunctional oxidase were quantified. Multifunctional oxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity were positively correlated with insecticide resistance in several B. tabaci populations.

Gene expression of detoxification enzymes in insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible Bemisia tabaci strains after diafenthiuron exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-Z. ZHANG ◽  
F.-C. KONG ◽  
R.-K. CUI ◽  
X.-N. ZENG
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Detoxification Gene ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYThe B-biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) has become extremely resistant to commonly used insecticides in China. To further explore the mechanisms of resistance to diafenthiuron, the diafenthiuron induction profiles of carboxylesterase (COE1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and seven cytochrome P450 genes in both resistant (R-DfWf) and susceptible (S-Lab) strains were characterized. The detoxification genes GST, CYP6CX4, CYP6DW3, CYP6DZ6 and CYP9F, which are known to be constitutively over-expressed in the R-DfWf strain, were significantly upregulated in R-DfWf and S-Lab strains exposed to diafenthiuron at LC50 compared with their levels in strains treated with distilled water (controls); however, CYP6CX1, another detoxification gene, was not upregulated. The upregulation was more pronounced in the R-DfWf strain than in the S-Lab strain exposed to different concentrations of diafenthiuron (LC10 or LC50). Interestingly, COE1, CYP6CM1 and CYP6A, which are not constitutively over-expressed in the R-DfWf strain, were all significantly upregulated after exposure to diafenthiuron. Similarly, significant differences in the expression of these detoxification genes, with the exception of CYP6CM1 in the S-Lab strain, were also observed after exposure to diafenthiuron. However, the induction of CYP6A and COE1 was more pronounced in the S-Lab strain than in the R-DfWf strain after treatment with diafenthiuron at both concentrations, indicating that diafenthiuron induction of CYP6CM1 is specific to the R-DfWf strain, while diafenthiuron induction of the other genes is common to both the R-DfWf and S-Lab strains. These results demonstrate that multiple detoxification genes are co-upregulated in the R-DfWf strain through both constitutive over-expression and induction mechanisms. This knowledge will be useful for rational selection of insecticides for use in resistance management and control of this species.

scholarly journals Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii strain JMC-01 on the physiology, biochemistry, and mortality of Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype nymphs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xie ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Jianshe Li ◽  
Bo Hong ◽  
Xinpu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Protective Enzyme ◽  
Protective Enzymes ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Control Resource

Background. Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungi, which was isolated from insect suffer from a disaster. Now, it is an effective bio-control resource that can control agricultural pests such as whitefly and aphids. There are many studies on the control of various agricultural pests by L. lecanii, but no report on its control of Bemisia tabaci biotype-Q exists. In this work we studied the susceptibility of B. tabaci Q-biotype (from Ningxia, China) to L. lecanii JMC-01 in terms of nymph mortality and the changes in detoxifying protective enzymes activities. Methods. Bemisia tabaci nymphs were exposed to L. lecanii JMC-01 conidia by immersion with the host culture. Mortality was assessed daily for all nymph stages. The detoxifying and protective enzyme activity changes, weight changes, and fat, and water contents of the nymphs were determined spectrophotometrically. Results. All instars of B. tabaci died after being infested with 1×108 conidia/mL. The 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible, followed by the 3rd-instar nymphs. The corrected cumulative mortality of the 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs was 82.22% and 75.55%, respectively. The levels of detoxifying and protective enzymes initially increased and then decreased. The highest activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) occurred on the 3rd day, reaching 10.5 U/mg prot, 0.32 U/mg prot, 20 U/mg prot, and 6.3 U/mg prot, respectively. These levels were 2.2-fold, 4.3-fold, 2.4-fold, and 1.4-fold the control levels, respectively. The highest activities of glutathione-S transferase (GSTs) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the 2nd day were, respectively, 64 U/mg prot and 43.5 U/mg prot. These levels were, respectively, 2.7-fold and 1.1-fold that of the control level. The water and fat content in the infected B. tabaci nymphs decreased and differed significantly from the control levels. The weight increased continuously in the first 24 h, decreasing thereafter. At 72 h, the infestation level was about 0.78-fold that of the control level. Conclusions. The studied L. lecanii JMC-01 strain is pathogenic to the B. tabaci Q-biotype. This strain interferes with the normal functioning of detoxifying and protective enzymes, and is also involved in the disruption of normal physiological metabolism in B. tabaci.

scholarly journals Effects of Lecanicillium lecanii strain JMC-01 on the physiology, biochemistry, and mortality of Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype nymphs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xie ◽  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Jianshe Li ◽  
Bo Hong ◽  
Xinpu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Protective Enzyme ◽  
Protective Enzymes ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Control Resource

Background. Lecanicillium lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungi, which was isolated from insect suffer from a disaster. Now, it is an effective bio-control resource that can control agricultural pests such as whitefly and aphids. There are many studies on the control of various agricultural pests by L. lecanii, but no report on its control of Bemisia tabaci biotype-Q exists. In this work we studied the susceptibility of B. tabaci Q-biotype (from Ningxia, China) to L. lecanii JMC-01 in terms of nymph mortality and the changes in detoxifying protective enzymes activities. Methods. Bemisia tabaci nymphs were exposed to L. lecanii JMC-01 conidia by immersion with the host culture. Mortality was assessed daily for all nymph stages. The detoxifying and protective enzyme activity changes, weight changes, and fat, and water contents of the nymphs were determined spectrophotometrically. Results. All instars of B. tabaci died after being infested with 1×108 conidia/mL. The 2nd-instar nymphs were the most susceptible, followed by the 3rd-instar nymphs. The corrected cumulative mortality of the 2nd- and 3rd-instar nymphs was 82.22% and 75.55%, respectively. The levels of detoxifying and protective enzymes initially increased and then decreased. The highest activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) occurred on the 3rd day, reaching 10.5 U/mg prot, 0.32 U/mg prot, 20 U/mg prot, and 6.3 U/mg prot, respectively. These levels were 2.2-fold, 4.3-fold, 2.4-fold, and 1.4-fold the control levels, respectively. The highest activities of glutathione-S transferase (GSTs) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the 2nd day were, respectively, 64 U/mg prot and 43.5 U/mg prot. These levels were, respectively, 2.7-fold and 1.1-fold that of the control level. The water and fat content in the infected B. tabaci nymphs decreased and differed significantly from the control levels. The weight increased continuously in the first 24 h, decreasing thereafter. At 72 h, the infestation level was about 0.78-fold that of the control level. Conclusions. The studied L. lecanii JMC-01 strain is pathogenic to the B. tabaci Q-biotype. This strain interferes with the normal functioning of detoxifying and protective enzymes, and is also involved in the disruption of normal physiological metabolism in B. tabaci.

Control of the Bemisia tabaci/Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex on protected tomato crops in Algarve (Portugal)*

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. F. Arsenio ◽  
E. Neto ◽  
N. Ramos ◽  
S. Mangerico ◽  
E. Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Glutathione system participation in thoracic aneurysms from patients with Marfan syndrome

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Elías Núñez-Garrido ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Dilatation ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Acute Dissection ◽  
Thoracic Aneurysms

Abstract. Background: Aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is progressive. It is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can result in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. We evaluated the participation of the glutathione (GSH) system, which could be involved in the mechanisms that promote the formation and progression of the aortic aneurysms in MFS patients. Patients and methods: Aortic aneurysm tissue was obtained during chest surgery from eight control subjects and 14 MFS patients. Spectrophotometrical determination of activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and concentration of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG respectively), was performed in the homogenate from aortic aneurysm tissue. Results: LPO index, carbonylation, TGF-β1, and GR activity were increased in MFS patients (p < 0.04), while TAC, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPx, and GST activity were significantly decreased (p < 0.04). Conclusions: The depletion of GSH, in spite of the elevated activity of GR, not only diminished the activity of GSH-depend GST and GPx, but increased LPO, carbonylation and decreased TAC. These changes could promote the structural and functional alterations in the thoracic aorta of MFS patients.

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