Zero tillage in wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills Region of Madhya Pradesh

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)

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Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-023 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 805-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

R. E. Blackshaw ◽

F. J. Larney ◽

C. W. Lindwall ◽

P. R. Watson ◽

D. A. Derksen

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Cropping System ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Long Term Study

Development of improved weed manage ment systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] densities increased in years of low rainfall and above average temperatures. Winter annual weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], as well as the perennial weed dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers), increased in years where higher than average rainfall was received in fall or early spring. Continuous winter wheat facilitated a dense downy brome infestation to develop over time. Trifluralin is not efficacious on stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) or Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. Key words: Conservation tillage, fallow, multivariate analyses, weed populations, weed shifts, zero tillage

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Soil Chemical Properties under Conservation Agriculture and Cereal-Based Cropping System in Eastern Tarai of Nepal

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 115-126

Author(s):

Shukra Raj Shrestha ◽

Jiban Shrestha ◽

Sanjeet Kumar Jha ◽

Dinesh Khadka ◽

Prakash Paneru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Cropping System ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Total N

Field experiments were conducted for four years (2014-2017) at five locations namely Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj of Sunsari district to assess the changes in soil chemical properties under conservation agriculture (CA)-based practices in two cropping systems namely rice-kidney bean-maize at Salbani and rice-wheat at rest of the locations. In rice-wheat cropping system, there were four treatments: (1) conventional tillage (CT) for rice transplantation and subsequent wheat sowing, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage wheat, (4) zero tillage in both rice and wheat. Similarly, in rice-kidney bean-maize cropping system, there were four treatments; (1) conventional tillage for rice transplantation and sowing of both kidney bean and maize, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (4) zero tillage in all three crops. Soil samples were taken at initial and every year after rice harvest.The soil samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and soil organic matter.Total nitrogen (N) showed a slightly decreasing trend in the first three years and showed a slight increase at the end of experiment under ZT in all locations. The total N under ZT changed from 0.12 to 0.13%, 0.05 to 0.06%, 0.10 to 0.12%, 0.11 to 0.08% and 0.09 to 0.13% in Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj, respectively. All locations showed the positive values of available potassium; Salbani revealing considerable change of 64.3 to 78.5 mg/kg in CT while 68.4 to 73.3 mg/kg in ZT condition. The treatment where rice was transplanted in unpuddled condition and zero tilled to wheat, had a mean value of available phosphorus and potassium as 87.3 and 81.9 mg/kg respectively. Soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 in CT while it was 5.2 to 6.8 in ZT across the locations. The change in soil organic matter in CT of all locations except Salbani was narrower as compared to ZT.

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Intervention of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices in Farmers Field to Increase Production and Productivity of Winter Maize in Terai Region of Nepal

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ◽

10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22514 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

J. J. Gairhe ◽

M. Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Management ◽

Plant Density ◽

Cropping System ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Residue Management ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Smart Agriculture

Climate change has been the burning issue in agriculture sector. The research world is focused on developing appropriate technology, innovations and concept to cope up this change. The Climate Smart Agriculture [CSA] has been adapted globally for cultivation and crop management in changing context without compromising yield and productivity. The CSA involves wide range altered techniques and innovations like using resilient varieties, water management, zero tillage, legumes incorporation, cover cropping, site specific fertilizer management, variation in planting date etc. Grounding on the similar practices and principles of CSA, the research in maize was conducted in 2014 in farmers' field of Eastern Nepal. Three progressive farmers with 1 hector of land were selected and Maize was cultivated using Zero tillage seed cum fertilizer driller tractor. This field experiment considers farmers as replication with six different treatments. All treatments differ to each other based on nutrient management, water management, residue management, tillage practice, crop establishment, and inclusion of legumes in the cropping system. Six treatments are coded as follows: Current Irrigated (CI), Improved Irrigated Low (IIL), Improved Irrigated High (IIH), Climate Smart Agriculture-Low (CSA-L), Climate Smart Agriculture-Medium (CSA-M), and Climate Smart Agriculture-High (CSA-H). Significant impact of intervention was observed in yield and yield attributes in the trial with climate smart agriculture practices than in conventional practices of farmers. Plant density, ear number, filled grains per cob and grain yield was substantially higher in climate smart practices revealing CSA to be the appropriate technology to minimize potential loss of climate change.

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Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v6i2.20433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bibek Thapa ◽

Keshab Raj Pande ◽

Baburam Khanal ◽

Santosh Marahatta

Keyword(s):

Cropping System ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Residue Management ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Residue Removal ◽

Main Plot ◽

Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168

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Performance of Mole Drain System for Soybean (Glycine max) -Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping System of Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.702.251 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 2107-2112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.S. Dhakad ◽

G.R. Ambawatia ◽

Gayatri Verma ◽

Santosh Patel ◽

K.V. Ramana Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Cropping System ◽

Madhya Pradesh

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Tillage Systems Affecting Rice-Wheat Cropping System

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1543-1562

Author(s):

Rafi Qamar ◽

Atique ur Rehman ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed ◽

Abdul Rehman Abdul Rehman ◽

Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Cropping System ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Tillage System ◽

The Cost

Rice-wheat production is an essential component of cropping systems in the Indus-Ganga Plains (IGP) which play a pivotal role in food security of south Asia. These crops are being cultivated on an area of about 13.5 M ha of South Asia. In rice-wheat cropping system, the major reason for lower wheat grain yield is use of unwise tillage practices during wheat seedbed preparation, cultivation of late maturing rice varieties, water shortage, labor shortage, high cost of fertilizers and poor crop management practices. Resource-conserving technology improves the sustainability and productivity of wheat, which ultimately increase the farmer’s livelihood and reduce poverty. Tillage plays an important role in agricultural operation for soil manipulation to optimize the crop productivity. Different tillage systems are being practiced for wheat production in rice-wheat cropping systems including intensive tillage system, conventional and deep tillage, conservation tillage that consisting of minimum tillage, ridge tillage, and no-till or zero tillage system. Zero tillage gives more accessible and efficient planting system that ensures timely wheat cultivation, cut off the tillage operation, better crop residue management that ultimately minimize the cost of production and keeps environment clean. Operational costs for wheat sowing are 50-60% lower with zero tillage (ZT) sowing than with conventional sowing. The cost saving effect is the main reason for the spread of zero tillage technology in rice-wheat system. Current paper presented a review of different tillage systems and their effects on soil physical properties, plant available water, soil organic matter and nutrients, rice residues, wheat yield and farmer’s economics.

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