Soil physical environment as affected by double zero tillage in rice-wheat cropping system of north-west India

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)

Download Full-text

Tillage intensity and crop rotation affect weed community dynamics in a winter wheat cropping system

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-023 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 805-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

R. E. Blackshaw ◽

F. J. Larney ◽

C. W. Lindwall ◽

P. R. Watson ◽

D. A. Derksen

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Cropping System ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Downy Brome ◽

Canada Thistle ◽

Long Term Study

Development of improved weed manage ment systems requires more knowledge on how various weed species respond to changing agronomic practices. A long-term study was conducted to determine weed population responses to various tillage intensities and crop rotations in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dominated cropping system. Weed density and species composition differed with tillage, rotation, year, and date of sampling within years. Weed community dynamics were most affected by year-to-year differences in environmental conditions, followed by crop rotation, and then tillage intensity. Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) and kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] densities increased in years of low rainfall and above average temperatures. Winter annual weeds such as downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and flixweed [Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl], as well as the perennial weed dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers), increased in years where higher than average rainfall was received in fall or early spring. Continuous winter wheat facilitated a dense downy brome infestation to develop over time. Trifluralin is not efficacious on stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) or Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and its use in canola resulted in an increase in these species in a winter wheat-canola rotation. Total weed densities were often greater in zero tillage than in either minimum or conventional tillage. Russian thistle, downy brome, kochia, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were associated with zero tillage while wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), flixweed, and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) were associated with conventional tillage. Perennials such as dandelion and perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) were associated with zero tillage but Canada thistle was associated with conventional tillage. Information will be utilized to implement more effective weed management programs in winter wheat production systems. Key words: Conservation tillage, fallow, multivariate analyses, weed populations, weed shifts, zero tillage

Download Full-text

Zero tillage in wheat under rice-wheat cropping system in Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills Region of Madhya Pradesh

Journal of Krishi Vigyan ◽

10.5958/2349-4433.2021.00047.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 255-259

Author(s):

B K Tiwari ◽

Smita Singh ◽

K S Baghel ◽

A K Patel ◽

Akhilesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cropping System ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Zero Tillage

Download Full-text

Links between language and society among the Murui of north-west Amazonia

10.1093/oso/9780192845924.003.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 215-234

Author(s):

Katarzyna I. Wojtylak

Keyword(s):

Market Economy ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Belief System ◽

Linguistic Features ◽

Social Hierarchies ◽

North West ◽

Northern Peru

Murui, a Witototan language spoken in southern Colombia and northern Peru, has at its disposal a number of linguistic features that mirror the structure of the Murui society, the Murui belief system, the environment the Murui people live in, and their means of subsistence. Demonstrable associations between linguistic and non-linguistic features (the so-called “integration points”) discussed here are: classifiers (and their significance in terms of the Murui beliefs, religion, spirits, and dreams, and the means of subsistence), possessive marking (vs. the relations within the Murui community, social hierarchies, and kinship categorization), spatial adverbs (vs. the means of subsistence and physical environment), and linguistic avoidance terms (vs. the beliefs, religion, spirits, and dreams). As the Murui people are gradually being drawn into the Colombian market economy and relevant cultural practises become obsolete, some correlations described here are more prone to disintegrate than others.

Download Full-text

Soil Chemical Properties under Conservation Agriculture and Cereal-Based Cropping System in Eastern Tarai of Nepal

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 115-126

Author(s):

Shukra Raj Shrestha ◽

Jiban Shrestha ◽

Sanjeet Kumar Jha ◽

Dinesh Khadka ◽

Prakash Paneru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Cropping System ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Total N

Field experiments were conducted for four years (2014-2017) at five locations namely Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj of Sunsari district to assess the changes in soil chemical properties under conservation agriculture (CA)-based practices in two cropping systems namely rice-kidney bean-maize at Salbani and rice-wheat at rest of the locations. In rice-wheat cropping system, there were four treatments: (1) conventional tillage (CT) for rice transplantation and subsequent wheat sowing, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage (ZT) wheat, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage wheat, (4) zero tillage in both rice and wheat. Similarly, in rice-kidney bean-maize cropping system, there were four treatments; (1) conventional tillage for rice transplantation and sowing of both kidney bean and maize, (2) conventional tillage rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (3) unpuddled rice transplantation followed by zero tillage in both kidney bean and maize, (4) zero tillage in all three crops. Soil samples were taken at initial and every year after rice harvest.The soil samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and soil organic matter.Total nitrogen (N) showed a slightly decreasing trend in the first three years and showed a slight increase at the end of experiment under ZT in all locations. The total N under ZT changed from 0.12 to 0.13%, 0.05 to 0.06%, 0.10 to 0.12%, 0.11 to 0.08% and 0.09 to 0.13% in Salbani, Bhokraha, Simariya, Bhaluwa and Kaptanganj, respectively. All locations showed the positive values of available potassium; Salbani revealing considerable change of 64.3 to 78.5 mg/kg in CT while 68.4 to 73.3 mg/kg in ZT condition. The treatment where rice was transplanted in unpuddled condition and zero tilled to wheat, had a mean value of available phosphorus and potassium as 87.3 and 81.9 mg/kg respectively. Soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 7.1 in CT while it was 5.2 to 6.8 in ZT across the locations. The change in soil organic matter in CT of all locations except Salbani was narrower as compared to ZT.

Download Full-text

Intervention of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices in Farmers Field to Increase Production and Productivity of Winter Maize in Terai Region of Nepal

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ◽

10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22514 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66

Author(s):

J. J. Gairhe ◽

M. Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Management ◽

Plant Density ◽

Cropping System ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Residue Management ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Smart Agriculture

Climate change has been the burning issue in agriculture sector. The research world is focused on developing appropriate technology, innovations and concept to cope up this change. The Climate Smart Agriculture [CSA] has been adapted globally for cultivation and crop management in changing context without compromising yield and productivity. The CSA involves wide range altered techniques and innovations like using resilient varieties, water management, zero tillage, legumes incorporation, cover cropping, site specific fertilizer management, variation in planting date etc. Grounding on the similar practices and principles of CSA, the research in maize was conducted in 2014 in farmers' field of Eastern Nepal. Three progressive farmers with 1 hector of land were selected and Maize was cultivated using Zero tillage seed cum fertilizer driller tractor. This field experiment considers farmers as replication with six different treatments. All treatments differ to each other based on nutrient management, water management, residue management, tillage practice, crop establishment, and inclusion of legumes in the cropping system. Six treatments are coded as follows: Current Irrigated (CI), Improved Irrigated Low (IIL), Improved Irrigated High (IIH), Climate Smart Agriculture-Low (CSA-L), Climate Smart Agriculture-Medium (CSA-M), and Climate Smart Agriculture-High (CSA-H). Significant impact of intervention was observed in yield and yield attributes in the trial with climate smart agriculture practices than in conventional practices of farmers. Plant density, ear number, filled grains per cob and grain yield was substantially higher in climate smart practices revealing CSA to be the appropriate technology to minimize potential loss of climate change.

Download Full-text

Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v6i2.20433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 164-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bibek Thapa ◽

Keshab Raj Pande ◽

Baburam Khanal ◽

Santosh Marahatta

Keyword(s):

Cropping System ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Residue Management ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Residue Removal ◽

Main Plot ◽

Residue Retention

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168

Download Full-text

Effect of Rice Residue Retention and Foliar Application of K on Water Productivity and Profitability of Wheat in North West India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10030434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raj Pal Meena ◽

Karnam Venkatesh ◽

Rinki Khobra ◽

S. C. Tripathi ◽

Kailash Prajapat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Soil Health ◽

Cropping System ◽

Large Area ◽

North West ◽

Net Returns ◽

Relative Water ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Residue Retention

The rice–wheat cropping system being the backbone of food security in South-Asia has resulted in soil health deterioration, declining water table, and air pollution affecting livability index of the region. The effect of rice residue retention (RRR), irrigation levels and foliar application of K on wheat grain yield (GY), water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability was tested over three years. RRR increased wheat GY (5224 kg ha−1), above-ground biomass (AGBM = 11.9 t ha−1), tillers per square meter (TPM = 469) and grains per meter square (GrPMS = 13,917) significantly. Relative water content (RWC = 93.8) and WUE (2.45 k gm−3) were also increased significantly by RRR. Consequently, profitability (Net return = 624.4 $ and Benefit to cost (B:C) ratio) was enhanced. Foliar application of K enhanced GY (5151 kg ha−1), AGBM (12 t ha−1), RWC (94.1), SPAD (52.2), WUE (2.40 kg m−3), net returns (625.2 $) and BC ratio (1.62) significantly. RRR increased GY (15.66%) and WUE (17.39%) with additional revenue of 151 $ with only one irrigation at the CRI stage (ICS). RRR adopted over 10% of the area can earn 187 million-US$ annually. RRR if adopted over existing practice on a large area would reduce environmental degradation with an enhanced income to small and marginal farmers.

Download Full-text

Cultivation and Utilization of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), a Neglected Plant in Cameroon

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v4i230081 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-21

Author(s):

Nono Carine Temegne ◽

Jules Patrice Ngoh Dooh ◽

Pierre Nbendah ◽

Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong ◽

Victor Desiré Taffouo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cropping System ◽

Seed Storage ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

North West ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Production Constraints ◽

Main Production ◽

Production Areas

In order to improve the production and commercialization of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) in Cameroon, an inventory on the use of available resources and peasant agronomic practices is a necessary prerequisite. Their understanding can help to establish efficient strategies to enhance this neglected crop. The objective of this work was therefore to identify the uses and the peasant knowledge on the Bambara groundnut in Cameroon. To this effect, a survey on the use of Bambara groundnut was carried out through interviews and direct discussions with farmers in the main production areas (Far North, Adamawa, Littoral (Coastal), Centre, North-West and West) of Cameroon. The survey revealed that in Cameroon, Bambara groundnut is mainly grown by women (74%). Monoculture (60%) is the most widely used cropping system; 40% of farmers associate it with other crops such as groundnuts, maize, sesame, okra, millet, sorghum, beans, egusi or pumpkin, and tubers. It is produced mainly on small land areas by the elderly. It is mainly cultivated by the poor peasants and without soil amendments. Several landraces are cultivated, the preferred varieties varying according to the production basins. Seed storage is mainly done with chemicals in closed containers. Weeds, lack of improved varieties, low yields, diseases and pests (insects, rodents) are the main production constraints identified. Results of this study could be exploited for the improvement and vulgarization of Bambara groundnut in Cameroon.

Download Full-text

Environmentally Sound Alternative Cropping Systems For Rice-Wheat Systems In North West India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-545307/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

SC Tripathi ◽

Karnam Venkatesh ◽

Raj Pal Meena

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Green Gram ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Available N ◽

System Productivity ◽

Gangetic Plains ◽

Net Return ◽

North West

Abstract Continuous cultivation of Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India is showing declining factor productivity coupled with many environmental problems. Diversifying the RWCS is one of the environmental friendly options for sustaining food production.Four crop rotations involving maize and sorghum in summer, wheat/ potato/ mustard in winter followed by short duration green gram in late spring were studied to identify the most productive and economic combination from 2017 to 2020. Ranking of treatments by Tukey’s test of significance indicated that the maize-potato-wheat (16.49 t ha-1) combination was best in terms of system productivity calculated in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY). Maize-wheat-green gram crop sequence was most profitable by having higher Land Use Efficiency (LUE=87.67%) and net return (NR=1577.1 $ha-1). The gross margin comparison revealed that maize-based crop sequences earned higher gross returns (23.17%), net return (93.66%), and B: C ratio (23.7%) than sorghum-based crop sequences. Soil health parameters were improved under the maize-mustard-green gram system, which increased the organic carbon content by 28.65% and available N by 34.91%. Adoption of alternate cropping sequences instead of rice-wheat, in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India could be more sustainable, profitable, and environment friendly.

Download Full-text