scholarly journals CBM-I training and its effect on interpretations of intent, facial expressions, attention and aggressive behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Nouran AlMoghrabi ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
Birgit Mayer ◽  
Menno van der Schoot ◽  
Jorg Huijding
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Hostile Intent ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Bias Interpretation ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Training ◽  
Intent Attributions

There is abundant evidence suggesting that attention and interpretation biases are powerful precursors of aggression. However, little is known how these biases may interact with one another in the development and maintenance of aggression. Using cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I), the present study examined whether training more pro-social or hostile intent attributions would affect attention bias, interpretation bias of facial expressions, aggression and mood. University students (17–48 years) were assigned to either a positive training (n = 40), negative training (n = 40), or control training (n = 40). Results showed that the positive training successfully changed measures of intent attributions in a pro-social direction compared to the control training. The negative training changed measures of intent attributions in a hostile direction but not more so than the control training. We found no generalization of the training effects to relevant other outcomes. Possible explanations underlying these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification training in adolescents: effects on interpretation biases and mood

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lothmann ◽  
Emily A. Holmes ◽  
Stella W.Y. Chan ◽  
Jennifer Y.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Bias Modification

Single-Session Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations Training in High-Anxious Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Fu ◽  
Yasong Du ◽  
Shun Au ◽  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Bias Modification

Anxiety disorders in youths are globally prevalent and carry impairing, long-lasting effects. Interpreting ambiguous cues negatively may be causally related to adolescent anxiety. Extending cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training, which counters anxiety by encouraging positive interpretations, to anxious adolescents could inform the design of new interventions. The study investigates whether single-session CBM-I training (a) altered interpretation biases and negative mood in adolescents selected for high anxiety and (b) whether these training-associated changes were larger than those reported in low-anxious adolescents. Seventy-seven Chinese adolescents received either positive or control training. Positive training encouraged endorsement of positive interpretations of ambiguous scenarios while on control training trials, half of the scenarios were resolved positively and half negatively. A single session of CBM-I altered interpretation biases across all individuals, F(1, 52) = 10.63, p < .01, η2 = .17. However, no training effects on mood measures emerged (all ps > .05). Training effects were not consistently moderated by baseline trait anxiety. Multisession CBM-I may be needed for mood changes to occur.

scholarly journals Socially Anxious Primary Care Patients’ Attitudes Toward Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM): A Qualitative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Beard ◽  
Risa B. Weisberg ◽  
Jennifer Primack
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Computerized Treatment ◽  
Initial Impressions ◽  
Bias Modification

Background:Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a novel treatment for anxiety disorders that utilizes computerized tasks to train attention and interpretation biases away from threat. To date, attitudes toward and acceptability of CBM have not been systematically examined.Method:We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 anxious primary care patients to examine attitudes toward and initial impressions of CBM. Interviews explored general impressions, as well as reactions to the treatment rationale and two computer programs, one targeting attention bias and one targeting interpretation bias. Three clinical psychologists independently coded transcripts and collaboratively developed categories and themes guided by grounded theory.Results:A number of facilitators and barriers emerged related to engaging in treatment in general, computerized treatment, and CBM specifically. Participants stated that the written rationale for CBM seemed relevant and helpful. However, after interacting with the attention modification program, participants frequently expressed a lack of understanding about how the program would help with anxiety. Participants reported greater understanding and engagement with the interpretation modification program.Conclusions:Participants reported a number of positive characteristics of CBM, but it may need improvements regarding its treatment rationale and credibility. Future qualitative studies with individuals who complete a CBM treatment are warranted. Implications for future CBM development and dissemination are discussed.

Reducing alcohol-related interpretation biases in young hazardous drinkers by Cognitive Bias Modification–Interpretation Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek H. M. Hutschemaekers ◽  
Marcella L. Woud ◽  
Eni S. Becker ◽  
Mike Rinck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Aims: This study examined whether alcohol-related interpretation biases (IBs) can be reduced by means of cognitive bias modification – interpretation (CBM-I) training. Also, the training’s generalization effects and the moderating role of executive control (EC) were examined. Methods: Participants were 98 young hazardous drinkers. Half of the participants were trained to interpret ambiguous alcohol-related scenarios in an alcohol-unrelated way (neutral CBM-I), the other half completed alcohol-related ambiguous open-ended scenarios (control CBM-I). Alcohol-related IBs were assessed with open-ended ambiguous alcohol-related scenarios, completed by participants. The completions were coded by participants (self-coding) and by two independent coders (conservatively and liberally). Results: Neutral CBM-I, compared to control CBM-I, did not decrease alcohol-related IBs for the conservative and self-coding. For the liberal coding, both groups showed a decrease in alcohol-related IBs pre to post training. Moreover, there were no group differences in interpreting ambiguous, alcohol-related pictures during a signal-detection task. At the behavioral level, there was no reduction in alcohol use for either group at one week follow-up. Finally, EC did not moderate training effects. Conclusions: Although CBM-I effects were largely absent; the findings emphasize that more research into the working mechanisms of alcohol CBM-I is needed to test its potential in the context of hazardous drinking.

scholarly journals Inferences Training Affects Memory, Rumination, and Mood

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110098
Author(s):  
Baruch Perlman ◽  
Nilly Mor ◽  
Yael Wisney Jacobinski ◽  
Adi Doron Zakon ◽  
Noa Avirbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Shed Light

Making negative inferences for negative events, ruminating about them, and retrieving negative aspects of memories have all been associated with depression. However, the causal mechanisms that link negative inferences to negative mood and the interplay between inferences, rumination, and memory have not been explored. In the current study, we used a cognitive-bias modification (CBM) procedure to train causal inferences and assessed training effects on ruminative thinking, memory, and negative mood among people with varying levels of depression. Training had immediate effects on negative mood and rumination but not after recall of a negative autobiographical memory. Note that training affected memory: Participants falsely recalled inferences presented during the training in a training-congruent manner. Moreover, among participants with high levels of depression, training also affected causal inferences they made for an autobiographical memory retrieved after training. Our findings shed light on negative cognitive cycles that may contribute to depression.

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