Reducing alcohol-related interpretation biases in young hazardous drinkers by Cognitive Bias Modification–Interpretation Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek H. M. Hutschemaekers ◽  
Marcella L. Woud ◽  
Eni S. Becker ◽  
Mike Rinck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Aims: This study examined whether alcohol-related interpretation biases (IBs) can be reduced by means of cognitive bias modification – interpretation (CBM-I) training. Also, the training’s generalization effects and the moderating role of executive control (EC) were examined. Methods: Participants were 98 young hazardous drinkers. Half of the participants were trained to interpret ambiguous alcohol-related scenarios in an alcohol-unrelated way (neutral CBM-I), the other half completed alcohol-related ambiguous open-ended scenarios (control CBM-I). Alcohol-related IBs were assessed with open-ended ambiguous alcohol-related scenarios, completed by participants. The completions were coded by participants (self-coding) and by two independent coders (conservatively and liberally). Results: Neutral CBM-I, compared to control CBM-I, did not decrease alcohol-related IBs for the conservative and self-coding. For the liberal coding, both groups showed a decrease in alcohol-related IBs pre to post training. Moreover, there were no group differences in interpreting ambiguous, alcohol-related pictures during a signal-detection task. At the behavioral level, there was no reduction in alcohol use for either group at one week follow-up. Finally, EC did not moderate training effects. Conclusions: Although CBM-I effects were largely absent; the findings emphasize that more research into the working mechanisms of alcohol CBM-I is needed to test its potential in the context of hazardous drinking.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon Edward Blackwell ◽  
Jan Christopher Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods: Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results: Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions: Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

scholarly journals Using Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal Training to Manipulate Appraisals about the Self and the World in Analog Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Würtz ◽  
Julie Krans ◽  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Jan C. Cwik ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
The Self ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Background Dysfunctional appraisals are a key mechanism in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Experimental manipulations of appraisals via Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal (CBM-App) training targeting cognitions related to the ‘self’ has shown to affect analog trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate and extend previous findings by comparing a newly developed ‘world’ to the original ‘self’ training, and investigate the moderating role of locus of control (LOC) on intrusions. Methods Healthy participants (N = 173) were exposed to distressing films as an analog trauma induction. Next, participants received positive or negative CBM-App, targeting either self- or world-relevant appraisals. Dysfunctional appraisals and LOC were assessed pre- and post-training. During the week after the laboratory session, participants recorded their intrusions and associated distress in a diary. One week later, trauma-relevant symptomatology was assessed. Results Positive compared to negative CBM-App induced training-congruent appraisals, independent of the trained cognition (self vs. world). However, there was no effect on analog trauma symptoms and LOC did not moderate the training’s effect. Conclusions Our results underline the validity of CBM-App as a method to experimentally manipulate appraisals. However, since we did not fully replicate previous findings further research on mechanisms associated with transfer effects is warranted.

scholarly journals CBM-I training and its effect on interpretations of intent, facial expressions, attention and aggressive behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Nouran AlMoghrabi ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
Birgit Mayer ◽  
Menno van der Schoot ◽  
Jorg Huijding
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Hostile Intent ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Bias Interpretation ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Training ◽  
Intent Attributions

There is abundant evidence suggesting that attention and interpretation biases are powerful precursors of aggression. However, little is known how these biases may interact with one another in the development and maintenance of aggression. Using cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I), the present study examined whether training more pro-social or hostile intent attributions would affect attention bias, interpretation bias of facial expressions, aggression and mood. University students (17–48 years) were assigned to either a positive training (n = 40), negative training (n = 40), or control training (n = 40). Results showed that the positive training successfully changed measures of intent attributions in a pro-social direction compared to the control training. The negative training changed measures of intent attributions in a hostile direction but not more so than the control training. We found no generalization of the training effects to relevant other outcomes. Possible explanations underlying these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals A Question of Control? Examining the Role of Control Conditions in Experimental Psychopathology using the Example of Cognitive Bias Modification Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Blackwell ◽  
Marcella L. Woud ◽  
Colin MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Experimental Modification ◽  
Translational Process

AbstractWhile control conditions are vitally important in research, selecting the optimal control condition can be challenging. Problems are likely to arise when the choice of control condition is not tightly guided by the specific question that a given study aims to address. Such problems have become increasingly apparent in experimental psychopathology research investigating the experimental modification of cognitive biases, particularly as the focus of this research has shifted from theoretical questions concerning mechanistic aspects of the association between cognitive bias and emotional vulnerability, to questions that instead concern the clinical efficacy of ‘cognitive bias modification’ (CBM) procedures. We discuss the kinds of control conditions that have typically been employed in CBM research, illustrating how difficulties can arise when changes in the types of research questions asked are not accompanied by changes in the control conditions employed. Crucially, claims made on the basis of comparing active and control conditions within CBM studies should be restricted to those conclusions allowed by the specific control condition employed. CBM studies aiming to establish clinical utility are likely to require quite different control conditions from CBM studies aiming to illuminate mechanisms. Further, conclusions concerning the clinical utility of CBM interventions cannot necessarily be drawn from studies in which the control condition has been chosen to answer questions concerning mechanisms. Appreciating the need to appropriately alter control conditions in the transition from basic mechanisms-focussed investigations to applied clinical research could greatly facilitate the translational process.

scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification training in adolescents: effects on interpretation biases and mood

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lothmann ◽  
Emily A. Holmes ◽  
Stella W.Y. Chan ◽  
Jennifer Y.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Bias Modification

Single-Session Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations Training in High-Anxious Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Fu ◽  
Yasong Du ◽  
Shun Au ◽  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Bias Modification

Anxiety disorders in youths are globally prevalent and carry impairing, long-lasting effects. Interpreting ambiguous cues negatively may be causally related to adolescent anxiety. Extending cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training, which counters anxiety by encouraging positive interpretations, to anxious adolescents could inform the design of new interventions. The study investigates whether single-session CBM-I training (a) altered interpretation biases and negative mood in adolescents selected for high anxiety and (b) whether these training-associated changes were larger than those reported in low-anxious adolescents. Seventy-seven Chinese adolescents received either positive or control training. Positive training encouraged endorsement of positive interpretations of ambiguous scenarios while on control training trials, half of the scenarios were resolved positively and half negatively. A single session of CBM-I altered interpretation biases across all individuals, F(1, 52) = 10.63, p < .01, η2 = .17. However, no training effects on mood measures emerged (all ps > .05). Training effects were not consistently moderated by baseline trait anxiety. Multisession CBM-I may be needed for mood changes to occur.

Cognitive Bias Modification: The Critical Role of Active Training in Modifying Emotional Responses

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hoppitt ◽  
Andrew Mathews ◽  
Jenny Yiend ◽  
Bundy Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Active Training

scholarly journals Positive imagery cognitive bias modification for symptoms of depression among university students in Pakistan: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380872091803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Bibi ◽  
Jürgen Margraf ◽  
Simon E. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
Training Control ◽  
Bias Modification

Depression is highly prevalent among university students in Pakistan, but treatment provision is inadequate. Computerized interventions may provide one means of overcoming treatment barriers. The present study piloted a computerized cognitive training paradigm involving repeated generation of positive mental imagery, imagery cognitive bias modification (imagery CBM), as a potential brief intervention for symptoms of depression among university students in Pakistan. Fifty-five participants scoring above a questionnaire cutoff indicating at least mild levels of depression were randomly assigned to either imagery CBM or a sham training control condition (peripheral vision task [PVT]). Participants were instructed to complete one training session from home daily over the course of 1 week. Outcomes were measured at post-training and a subsequent 2-week follow-up and included measures of depression, anhedonia, and positive affect. Participants provided positive feedback about the imagery CBM intervention but encountered practical problems with the study schedule, resulting in high rates of attrition, particularly at follow-up. Further, internal consistency of outcome measures was often low, and the PVT did not appear to be an adequate control condition in this study. However, overall the results suggest that with appropriate adaptations to the study methods formal investigation of efficacy is warranted.

scholarly journals Can Cognitive Bias Modification Simultaneously Target Two Behaviors? Approach Bias Retraining for Alcohol and Condom Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Raluca M. Simons ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Logan E. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Bias Modification

This study tested the effectiveness of a cognitive bias modification (CBM) intervention to simultaneously reduce approach biases toward alcohol and increase approach biases toward condoms among high-risk young adults. Participants ( N = 102) were randomly assigned to either a training condition or a sham-training condition. Participants in the training condition were trained to make avoidance movements away from alcohol stimuli and approach movements toward condom stimuli over four training sessions. Approach biases and behavior were assessed at pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up. Approach biases changed for both stimulus categories in accordance with training condition. Condom behavior and attitudes also changed as a function of training condition such that participants in the training condition reported fewer instances of condom nonuse and more positive attitudes toward condoms at a 3-month follow-up. Participants in both conditions had significant reductions in alcohol consumption following the intervention and did not differ by training condition.

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