TELAAH KRITIS ATAS RELASI AGAMA DAN BUDAYA PATRIARKI

This paper is a critical study of the discourse on religion and patriarchal culture. The development of religious patriarchism results from the interpretation of spiritual teachings that have the impression of a gender bias; the gender bias interpretation model is one of the relationships that shows the interaction of patriarchal culture with religion. Disclosure of the relationship between religion and patriarchism to understand the boundaries of what is called religion and interpretation and other elements in the meaning of religion. This paper is library research that relies on literature data related to gender and religion by using the theory of gender criticism to find answers to religious alliances and patriarchism. This paper shows that epistemologically, a series of meanings related to women's lives is interpreted textually. The meanings that are born are motivated by elements of male culture. There is a patriarchal ideology that is still strong in the body of a religious community that interprets the meaning of religion as religion.

Potential Pitfalls in the Analysis and Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data from the Mars InSight Mission

ABSTRACT The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) of the InSight mission to Mars has been providing direct information on Martian interior structure and dynamics of that planet since it landed. Compared with seismic recordings on the Earth, ground-motion measurements acquired by SEIS on Mars are not only made under dramatically different ambient noise conditions, but also include idiosyncratic signals that arise from coupling between different InSight sensors and spacecraft components. This work is to synthesize what is known about these signal types, illustrate how they can manifest in waveforms and noise correlations, and present pitfalls in structural interpretations based on standard seismic analysis methods. We show that glitches (a type of prominent transient signal) can produce artifacts in ambient noise correlations. Sustained signals that vary in frequency, such as lander modes that are affected by variations in temperature and wind conditions over the course of the Martian sol, can also contaminate ambient noise results. Therefore, both types of signals have the potential to bias interpretation in terms of subsurface layering. We illustrate that signal processing in the presence of identified nonseismic signals must be informed by an understanding of the underlying physical processes in order for high-fidelity waveforms of ground motion to be extracted. Whereas the origins of the most idiosyncratic signals are well understood, the 2.4 Hz resonance remains debated, and the literature does not contain an explanation of its fine spectral structure. Even though the selection of idiosyncratic signal types discussed in this article may not be exhaustive, we provide guidance on the best practices for enhancing the robustness of structural interpretations.

CBM-I training and its effect on interpretations of intent, facial expressions, attention and aggressive behavior

There is abundant evidence suggesting that attention and interpretation biases are powerful precursors of aggression. However, little is known how these biases may interact with one another in the development and maintenance of aggression. Using cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I), the present study examined whether training more pro-social or hostile intent attributions would affect attention bias, interpretation bias of facial expressions, aggression and mood. University students (17–48 years) were assigned to either a positive training (n = 40), negative training (n = 40), or control training (n = 40). Results showed that the positive training successfully changed measures of intent attributions in a pro-social direction compared to the control training. The negative training changed measures of intent attributions in a hostile direction but not more so than the control training. We found no generalization of the training effects to relevant other outcomes. Possible explanations underlying these findings are discussed.

Problematika Film Alih Media: Dari Transformasi Hingga Kontroversi

ABSTRACTThis article contains a study of film adaptation from a literature media (novel) into audio-visual media(film). This research is a case study of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban film by Hanung Bramantyo, whichwas adapted from a novel with the same title that was written by Abidah el-Khalieqy. By combining a textanalysis method from Thomas Leittch, Mathew T. Jones’ film adaptation theory and the result of interviewto confirm the text analysis, this research produced some interesting findings. The research verified thatthe adaptation’s process does not merely focus on technical issue in media adaptation (from novel tofilm), but also focuses on another aspects that will involve the audience i.e. a fact that text and dialoguebecome references that will be appreciated by audience. As a result, there were excessive distortions anddeviations on the text that were created by the film maker caused a bias interpretation. Audiences nolonger interpreted the film as a visual text objectively. Instead, they would think about certain prejudiceagainst the film maker. In film adaptation, certain tendencies of film maker are easy to be predicted byaudience. This fact has caused film adaptation becomes controversial easily.Keywords: Media Adaptation, Transformation, Opposition, ControversyABSTRAKArtikel ini berisi kajian tentang alih media, yakni dari media verbal sastra (novel) kemedia visualfilm. Kajian ini berupa studi kasus terhadap film Perempuan Berkalung Sorban karya HanungBramantyo, yang merupakan adaptasi dari novel dengan judul sama karya Abidah el-Khalieqy.Dengan menggunakan metode gabungan, yakni analisis teks yang berdasar pada teori adaptasifilm dari Thomas Leittch, Mathew T. Jones, dan wawancara tertulis untuk mengkonfirmasianalisis teks tadi, kajian ini menemukan hal menarik, yakni alih media bukan sekedar persoalanteknis pemindahan media, melainkan juga pemindahan yang menimbulkan efek-efek tertentubagi penonton. Apresiasi penonton dilandasi kesadaran bahwa terdapat teks lain yang menjadirujukan film bersangkutan. Akibatnya, distorsi dan deviasi yang terlalu jauh yang dilakukansutradara atas teks sumber berpotensi mengakibatkan bias pemahaman. Penonton tidak lagimemaknai film sebagai teks visual secara objektif, tetapi juga dibarengi praduga-pradugatertentu terhadap sutradara. Pada genre film alih media, tendensi tertentu dari sutradara mudahdibaca penonton. Fakta ini mengakibatkan film sangat rentan menimbulkan kontroversi.Kata Kunci: alih media, transformasi, oposisi, kontroversi

Analisis Implementasi Dana Desa di Wilayah Maluku Utara

This study aims to analyze four aspects of the implementation of the Village Fund program covering allocation, distribution, execution and reporting of the village fund and provide recommendations on the issue of those four aspecst. The research was conducted in three districts in North Maluku province between year 2015 and Semester I 2016, which are Tidore, West Halmahera and North Halmahera Regency. This study took three samples for each district so that the entire samples are nine villages. The research methods are descriptive qualitative analysis and descriptive quantitative analysis. Data was collected by collecting written documentation, conducting interviews, conducting field observations and conducting focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that the basic allocation and allocation formula led to less proportional distribution Village Fund if associated with status/condition of the village, as mentioned in the Developing Village Index(IDM). The Delays in disbursement phase I have an impact on the disbursement for the next phases. There is inappropriate of the Village Fund usage, which is caused by the bias interpretation of two different regulations. In relation to transparency and accountability, some observed villages have not published the village fund report on the available media. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis empat aspek pelaksanaan program Dana Desa yang meliputi aspek pengalokasian, penyaluran, penggunaan dan pelaporan Dana Desa serta memberikan rekomendasi atas permasalahan dari keempat aspek tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Maluku Utara yaitu Kota Tidore Kepulauan, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat dan Kabupaten Halmahera Utara dengan rentang waktu pelaksanaan Dana Desa Tahun 2015 sampai dengan Semester I 2016. Penelitian ini mengambil tiga sampel untuk setiap kabupaten sehingga keseluruhan sampel berjumlah 9 (sembilan) desa. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis desktiptif kualitatf. Sumber data diperoleh dari dokumentasi tertulis, wawancara, observasi lapangan dan pada tahap akhir penelitian diselenggarakan focus group discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alokasi dasar dan alokasi formula menyebabkan kurang proporsionalnya distribusi Dana Desa apabila dikaitkan dengan status/kondisi desa sebagaimana dituangkan dalam Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM). Keterlambatan penyaluran Dana Desa pada tahap I berdampak pada keterlambatan penyaluran Dana Desa tahap berikutnya. Terdapat beberapa penggunaan Dana Desa yang kurang sesuai prioritas karena bias penerjemahan dua regulasi yang berbeda. Dalam hal transparansi dan akuntabilitas, beberapa desa observasi belum mempublikasikan pelaporannya di media yang tersedia seperti balai desa.

Discretion and Decentralization: Public Administrators Dilemmas in Bureaucracy Innovation Initiatives

Policy discretion shall not be construed as a free authority by the public administrator. The positive side discretion is answered to an urgent need, the ambiguity caused the existing policy. The focus this researched would like to explore further the public administrator dilemmas perform some correlation between policy discretion and decentralization, discretion and initiation of bureaucracy innovation. The research method applied is qualitative, descriptive analysis is adopted based on secondary data and information sources. Triangulation is used to draw conclusions carefully from a variety of data sources. The research concludes the initiation of bureaucracy innovation is the urgent needs at this time, and discretion one of the tools that can be used as a policy outside the formal policy not set explicitly on the different the element related with innovation. The unique thing is not all public administrators like and can do discretion, there is a logical consideration that must be met to assess and translate discretion, capability and sufficient knowledge is some logical considerations it is. Bias interpretation will cause negative effects like opening a chance doing the corruption, collusion, nepotism and the occurrence of criminalization policy procedures.

GAGASAN RIFFAT HASAN TENTANG KRITIK GENDER ATAS HADIS MISOGINIS

Riffat Hasan is one of the Muslim feminists against the strong patriarchal culture in his environment. Riffat Hasan's idea of ​​equality is a breath of fresh air for women who have been embraced by a growing patriarchal culture. As a Muslim feminist, Riffat hasan uses gender as an analysis to dismantle the construction of patriarchal culture wrapped with a religious message, especially the hadith of the prophet. The development of religious patriarchism is the result of interpretation of religious teachings that have the impression of gender bias (missoginis), gender bias interpretation model is one of the relations that shows the interaction of patriarchal culture with religion. The relationship forms a mutually supportive argument between religious teachings and patriarchal culture. So that both regions are understood as one-unit. But as a critical effort on the development of religious patriarchism, Riffat Hasan's idea of ​​gender can be used as a medium for finding ideological constructs, and the use of epistemology in the understanding of religious teachings. Thus, patriarchal religious and cultural relations are no longer seen as a whole that must be thoroughly replicated.

Illusory Late Heavy Bombardments

The Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), a hypothesized impact spike at ∼3.9 Ga, is one of the major scientific concepts to emerge from Apollo-era lunar exploration. A significant portion of the evidence for the existence of the LHB comes from histograms of 40Ar/39Ar “plateau” ages (i.e., regions selected on the basis of apparent isochroneity). However, due to lunar magmatism and overprinting from subsequent impact events, virtually all Apollo-era samples show evidence for 40Ar/39Ar age spectrum disturbances, leaving open the possibility that partial 40Ar* resetting could bias interpretation of bombardment histories due to plateaus yielding misleadingly young ages. We examine this possibility through a physical model of 40Ar* diffusion in Apollo samples and test the uniqueness of the impact histories obtained by inverting plateau age histograms. Our results show that plateau histograms tend to yield age peaks, even in those cases where the input impact curve did not contain such a spike, in part due to the episodic nature of lunar crust or parent body formation. Restated, monotonically declining impact histories yield apparent age peaks that could be misinterpreted as LHB-type events. We further conclude that the assignment of apparent 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages bears an undesirably high degree of subjectivity. When compounded by inappropriate interpretations of histograms constructed from plateau ages, interpretation of apparent, but illusory, impact spikes is likely.

EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR AL-QURAN FARID ESACK

Epistemologi cally speaking, Esack’s herme¬neu-tics is based on reception hermeneutics which is populer in the hand of Biblical hermenut, Fran¬cis Shcussler-Fiorenza. In this herme¬neutics, the truth of the holy books are seen in an eye of how far can the hermeneutics solve the actual human problems. This is wholly different from that of revelationist who put very huge burden on the discourse on God and how is He present and being involve in the world. Some other hermeneuts also contributed in a different level. In his hermeneutics, Esack put the three basic elements of hermeneutics namely the text-its author, inter-preters, and an on going interpreta¬tive activity itself. His basic assumption is a particular, contextual and practical inter¬pretation. In South Africa’s context, Esack tried to transform the context of oppression and dehumanization by apartheid into a critical interpretative model. This thought is based on a non prophetic human experience which is ba¬sically interpretative and socially-culturally contex¬tual. By this, it is impossible to sustain the existence of a static, universal, united and free-value interpretation. Reversally, this pursued a contextual-particular, temporal and “bias” interpretation. Abstrak: Pembicaraan secara epistemologis, hermeneutika Farid Esack berdasarkan pada hermeneutika resepsi yang populer di tangan ahli hermeneutika Biblikal, Francis Shcussler-Fiorenza. Dalam hermeneutika ini, kebenaran dari kitab-kitab suci dilihat dari sebuah pandangan sejauh mana bisa hermeneutika memecahkan persoalan-persoalan manusia aktual. Secara keseluruhan ini berbeda dari pewahyu yang meletakkan sangat besar dalam wacana tentang Tuhan dan bagaimana Dia menghadirkan dan terlibat di dunia ini. Beberapa hermeneutika yang lain juga berkontribusi pada level yang berbeda. Dalam hermeneutikanya, Esack me¬nempat¬kan tiga unsur dasar hermeneutika, yaitu pengarang teks itu sendiri, penafsir, dan berlanjut pada aktivitas interpretatif sendiri. Asumsi dasarnya adalah partikular, kontekstual dan interpretasi praktis. Dalam konteks Afrika Selatan, Esack mencoba mentransformasi konteks penindasan dan dehumanisasi oleh apartheid [politik pemisahan pen¬duduk yang bukan berkulit putih di Republik Afrika Selatan] ke dalam sebuah model interpretatif kritis. Pemikiran ini berdasarkan pada pengalaman manusia yang non profetik yang pada dasarnya merupakan konteks interpretatif dan kontekstual secara sosio-kultural. Melalui ini memungkinkan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi statik, universal, keutuhan, dan interpretasi bebas nilai. Sebaliknya, ini berlanjut ke sebuah konteks-partikular, interpretasi “bias” dan temporal. Keywords: Reception hermeneutics, Present Context, Contex-tual-practical Interpretation