Considerations when devising a protocol for pre-eclampsia

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Medical Complication

Hypertension is the most frequent medical complication of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is the most common first sign of preeclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is also associated with fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, preterm delivery, small for gestational age infants and respiratory distress syndrome.

Follow-up Studies of Very Low Birth Weight Infants (1,250 Grams or Less) Born and Treated Within a Perinatal Center

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Savitri P. Kumar ◽  
Endla K. Anday ◽  
Linda M. Sacks ◽  
Rosalind V. Ting ◽  
Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

The growth and development of inborn very low birth weight infants was evaluated in 50 of 60 survivors from 132 babies weighing ≤1,250 gm born July 1974 to December 1977. Mean ± SE birth weight and gestation was 1,066 ± 19.3 gm and 29.5 ± 0.3 weeks, respectively, with 13 infants small-for-gestational age. Of the survivors, 26% weighed ≤1,000 gm. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Apgar scores ≤5 at five minutes occurred in 16% of the infants. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 56%, but only 10% (5/50) required mechanical ventilation. At 1 year, 46% small for gestational age (SGA) and 8% appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were less than the third percentile for weight. Major neurologic abnormality occurred in three infants (6%), one of whom is also blind. Grade V retrolental fibroplasia occurred in two others. Severe developmental delay (development quotient <80, Gesell) occurred in these five infants and two other neurologically normal babies. Of 15 infants weighing ≤1,000 gm, two had major handicaps. Eight percent of the AGA infants and 30% of the SGA infants had major handicaps. These data indicate that infants born and treated in a perinatal center have a decreased incidence of asphyxia and severe respiratory distress syndrome and that the incidence of major handicaps is reduced, especially in the appropriate for gestational age baby.

Early versus late treatment of neonatal acidosis in low-birth-weight infants: Relation to respiratory distress syndrome

1972 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin J. Hobel ◽  
William Oh ◽  
Marcia A. Hyvarinen ◽  
George C. Emmanouilides ◽  
Allen Erenberg
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Late Treatment

Passage of the First Stool in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1007
Author(s):  
Meenakshi K. Jhaveri ◽  
Savitri P. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Times of first stool passage were studied in 171 infants who weighed less than 1,500 g at birth. Delayed passage (greater than 48 hours) was noted in 20.4% of this group. Significant differences were noted between the delayed and nondelayed groups for gestational age, presence of severe respiratory distress syndrome, and the time of the first enteral feeding. In very low birth weight infants, delay in the passage of the first stool is a common occurrence. This delay is probably due to physiologic immaturity of the motor mechanisms of the gut, lack of triggering effect of enteral feeds on gut hormones, and the presence of severe respiratory distress syndrome, which may singly or in concert adversely affect gastrointestinal motility.

Reduction of Neonatal Mortality after Multiple Doses of Bovine Surfactant in Low Birth Weight Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Liechty ◽  
Edward Donovan ◽  
Dilip Purohit ◽  
Joseph Gilhooly ◽  
Bernard Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
To Receive

To determine if outcomes of low birth weight neonates with respiratory distress syndrome can be improved by the administration of multiple doses of bovine surfactant, we conducted two identical multicenter, controlled trials, and the results were combined for analysis. Seven hundred and ninety-eight neonates weighing 600 to 1750 g at birth who had developed respiratory distress syndrome within 6 hours of birth were assigned randomly to receive either 100 mg of phospholipid/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 402), or a sham dosing procedure (n = 396). Neonates whose respiratory distress persisted could be given up to three more doses, with all doses to be given in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (18.4% vs 27.3%, P = .002), died of respiratory distress syndrome (9.0% vs 20.3%, P < .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (51.2% vs 64.6%, P < .001). Neonates who received Survanta also had greater improvement in their oxygenation and ventilatory status from baseline to 72 hours than did control neonates. Survanta-treated neonates were at lowered risk for developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (18.6% vs 39.3%, P < .001) and other pulmonary air leaks (11.5% vs 25.9%, P < .001). We conclude that multiple doses of Survanta given after diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome reduce mortality and morbidity.

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