scholarly journals Relationship Between Salivary ^|^alpha;-Amylase Activity and Heart Rate for Evaluation of the Sympathetic Nervous System of Children With Autism

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikae FUKASAWA ◽  
Kazunori TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Enhancement of the efficiency of a salivary alpha amylase biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system by a nano-optical sensor Tb–acetyl acetone complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 7529-7535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Attia ◽  
Ahmed O. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Acetyl Acetone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

A new nano-optical sensor Tb–acetylacetone (Tb–ACAC) complex is developed for assessing the activity of a salivary alpha amylase enzyme.

scholarly journals Effects of hydrocortisone and yohimbine on selective attention to emotional cues

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199710
Author(s):  
Sophie Metz ◽  
Woo R Chae ◽  
Christian E Deuter ◽  
Christian Otte ◽  
Katja Wingenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Introduction: Facial expressions contain important affective information, and selective attention to facial expression provides an advantage in the face of loss, stress and danger. In addition, the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis mediate the organism’s response to loss and danger. Here, we aimed at investigating the influence of sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation on selective attention to affective facial stimuli. Methods and materials: One hundred-and-four healthy men between 18–35 years old (mean (standard deviation) age: 24.1 (3.5) years) participated in the study. We used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants received either: (a) yohimbine, (b) hydrocortisone, (c) yohimbine and hydrocortisone or (d) placebo only and participated in a dot-probe task with sad, happy and neutral faces. We collected salivary samples to measure cortisol and alpha amylase activity in addition to measurements of blood pressure and heart rate. Salivary cortisol served as correlate of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and salivary alpha amylase activity, blood pressure and heart rate as correlates of sympathetic nervous system activation. Measurements were carried out before and after drug administration. Results: We did not find a main effect or interaction effect of hydrocortisone or yohimbine administration on selective attention to happy faces. However, we found an interaction of yohimbine and hydrocortisone on selective attention to sad faces. Post-hoc t-test revealed an attentional bias away from sad stimuli and towards neutral faces in the hydrocortisone-only group. Discussion: Only hydrocortisone administration led to an attentional bias away from sad faces. Future studies should investigate these effects in major depression disorder, as this disorder is characterised by glucocorticoid resistance and increased processing of sad stimuli.

Abstract P161: Tai Chi Movements Bring On Parasympathetic Nerve Output As Indicated By Audible Bowel Sounds

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desuo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Tai Chi movements are unique exercise that can improve cognition, strength somatomotor coordination, and enhance autonomic nerve regulation on internal organ function. The mild increase in heart rate and/or slight sweat during and after practicing Tai Chi indicates the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. There is lack of evidence to show that Tai Chi exercise enhances the activity of parasympathetic nervous system though it has been claimed that practicing Tai Chi could do so. The author tested the hypothesis that Tai Chi exercise brings on an increase in parasympathetic nerve outputs (PNO). The PNO is evaluated by recording the bowel sounds using an audio recorder (Sony digital voice recorder ICD-PX Series) and the data analyses were done using NCH software (WavePad audio editor). The heart rate was simultaneously recorded using a fingertip pulse oximeter (Zacurate Pro Series 500DL) during Tai Chi exercise. All the data was repeatedly collected from a Tai Chi Master in a study period of 6 months. A total of 30 recordings were used to carry out the analysis. The audible bowel sounds occurred when the performer started to do the Ready-Movement of Yang-style Tai Chi. These Tai Chi induced-bowel sounds lasted from the beginning to the end of a set of movements (3-5 min for 24-moves style). The frequency of bowel sounds was in a range of 0.2 to 3.5 Hz. The average number of bowel sounds was approximately 2.5 sounds per Tai Chi Move. The intensity and frequency of the bowel sounds are not related to the change of the performer’s heart rate. In comparison, meditation or deep squat exercise performed by the Tai Chi master did not cause any changes in the bowel sounds. According to the autonomic innervation of the GI tract, increase of bowel movements is mediated by PNO. In conclusion, Tai Chi movements can simultaneously exercise skeletal muscles, sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The enhancement of parasympathetic nervous system output by Tai Chi exercise is a valuable modality of physical exercise for wellness.

Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. H1875-H1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Sigaudo ◽  
Jacques-Olivier Fortrat ◽  
Anne-Marie Allevard ◽  
Alain Maillet ◽  
Jean-Marie Cottet-Emard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Changes in autonomic nervous system activity could be linked to the orthostatic intolerance (OI) that individuals suffer after a spaceflight or head-down bed rest (HDBR). We examined this possibility by assessing the sympathetic nervous system activity during 42 days of HDBR in seven healthy men. Heart rate variability was studied with the use of power spectral analysis, which provided indicators of the sympathetic (SNSi) and parasympathetic (PNSi) nervous system influences on the heart. Urinary catecholamines and the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity were measured. Urinary catecholamines decreased by 21.3%, showing a decrease in SNSi. Heart rate variability was greatly reduced during 42 days of HDBR with a drop in PNSi but with no significant changes in SNSi. The baroreflex sensitivity was greatly reduced (30.7%) on day 42 of HDBR. These results suggest a dissociation between the catecholamine response and the SNSi of the heart rate. This dissociation could be the consequence of an increase in β-adrenergic receptor density and/or activity induced by a decrease in catecholamines during HDBR. The subjects who suffered from OI also had a greater sympathetic response and much lower baroreflex sensitivity when supine than those who finished the stand test. However, the mean response of all subjects indicated that the sympathetic activity (catecholamine excretion) was probably slightly inhibited during HDBR and could contribute to OI.

scholarly journals Altered Salivary Alpha-Amylase Secretion in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoni Xu ◽  
Baoping Wei ◽  
Yanting Qiu ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Purpose. Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently present with psychological disturbances as well as dysfunctions of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) secretion is predominantly controlled by sympathetic nervous activity, while salivary fluid secretion is by parasympathetic nervous activity. Thus, it is speculated that alterations of salivary secretion may be addressed in UC populations. Methods. Thirty-five UC patients as well as 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Saliva samples before and after citric acid stimulation were collected from each participant, and salivary flow rate (SFR) was calculated accordingly. Western blotting and quantitative PCR were applied to measure the sAA level and sAA gene (AMY1) copy number, respectively. The psychological disorders, anxiety and depression, were evaluated by the scoring system of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for each participant. Results. We observed robustly increased prevalence of anxiety (p<0.001) as well as depression (p<0.001) in UC patients relative to controls. Interestingly, we detected elevated basal (p=0.015) and stimulated (p=0.021) sAA levels in the UC populations compared to controls. However, no differences were found for basal (p=0.643) or stimulated (p=0.402) SFR between the two study groups. Besides, AMY1 gene copy number was comparable between UC patients and controls. Conclusions. Our results reveal an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and a normal activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in the UC population.

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