Variation of fluoride and correlation with alkalinity in groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers- A case study in and around Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh

Author(s):  
Sunitha V ◽  
Muralidhara Reddy B ◽  
Ramakrishna Reddy M
Keyword(s):  

The impending jeopardies relating to dearth of water in performing the techno economic activity of production of electricity in power industries ushered gainful insights for this research paper for pursuing to reckon and quantify the renewable electric energy consumption of water by gauging at the foot prints. This research paper presses the need of the hour to persistently stimulate the electric generation industries to integrate the multidimensional anomalies of seasonal changes of monsoonal fresh water in the arena of Environmental micro and macro climate strategies. Taking cue of electric energy water sequential linkages using water foot printing technology this paper empirically estimated that, minimum water foot print was recorded in selected biomass and natural gas based electricity producing industries to yield 1000 kilowatt of electricity vis-à-vis selected Hydel power station, which has voracious appetite. This research has been performed with a field level investigation of assessing the magnitude of water scarcity by performing a documentation of exemplary investigative case study approach in selected regions of Andhra Pradesh.


Author(s):  
Jamie Shinoff

With the general shift of men turning to out-migration work in times of economic disparity, women in rural India, specifically in the region of Andhra Pradesh, are forced to step in and fill the gap in agricultural labour left by migrating men. This phenomenon, coupled with the increased desire for female agricultural labourers – because of their tolerance of low wages – has led to a significant increase in the feminization of agricultural labour in India since the 1990s. While neoliberal writers argue that the increasingly feminized workforce of agricultural labour in rural India is largely demand-driven – both by male-out migration and thus the freeing up of agricultural work for women, I will argue, in accordance with the Marxist-feminist school of thought, that the increased feminization of agricultural labour in rural Andhra Pradesh does not reflect rural prosperity, but in fact is the “consequence of increasing pauperization among the small peasantry” (Garikipati 2008:630). This paper will explore the debate of whether or not the feminization of the agricultural workforce in rural Andhra Pradesh has accelerated female independence and empowerment in both the private (household) and public spheres. This locality study will thus add to a critical Marxist-feminist perspective of the feminization of agricultural labour in India generally, and the semi-arid region of Andhra Pradesh specifically, while raising the question of who truly benefits form the feminization of the agricultural workforce. 


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