A REVIEW ON TROPICAL CYCLONES

In this review, we have discussed the important recent theoretical research works on tropical cyclone dynamics. For mitigation of the devastating effect of tropical cyclones on coastal human civilization more and more advanced forecasting techniques are evolving nowadays with the increase in the frequency of generation of tropical cyclones. Thus it is of utmost necessity to understand the anatomy and physiology of the dynamics of tropical cyclones. So researchers explain the cyclonic system from a different point of view and that is highlighted in this review. So this review illustrates, in brief, some important developed models.

IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN RESTRICTION OF COVID-19 ON SELECTIVE DISSOLVED HEAVY METALS IN COASTAL WEST BENGAL

In this study, the effect of COVID-19 lockdown (2020) on dissolved heavy metal load (Zn, Cu, and Pb) in the coastal West Bengal were analyzed concerning the pre-COVID 19 phases (2016-2019). Two stations namely Shankarpur (Stn.1) and Haldia (Stn. 2) were selected for the study as both have two contrasting operational features. Haldia is an important port-cum-industrial complex whereas Shankarpur is an important fish landing station-cum-tourism site. The results showed that in both the stations there was a drastic fall in the metal concentrations due to lockdown implementation, but in Haldia, the aquatic health exhibits much improvement as in lockdown there was complete shut-down of the industries. ANOVA results also highlight significant variations between the two stations as well as between the pre COVID-19 (2016-2019) and COVID-19 lockdown phases.

USE OF NON-LINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL (NAR) TO FORECAST THE FUTURE HEALTH OF SHRIMP FARM

Microbial load in terms of Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) were documented in the water of a shrimp culture farm at Malancha region of North 24 Parganas for a period of 36 years (1984-2019). The region receives the wastewater from the city of Kolkata. A steady hike in the microbial load (comprising of both total and fecal coliform) is noticed. The primary reason behind this rise of the microbial load is the run-off from the nearby landmasses that brings various types of wastes in the shrimp farm under investigation. The sustainability of shrimp farms in this region is under question due to the huge microbial load as revealed from the output of NAR.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN THE DOMAIN OF ESTUARINE ACIDIFICATION

The branch of computer science that deals with the simulation of variables with the help of a computer are termed Artificial Intelligence (AI). Here we attempt to predict the pace of acidification in the Digha coast of the Bay of Bengal based on available datasets of more than three decades. The ground zero observation on the data set reveals a decreasing trend of pH since 1984 with a sudden hike in premonsoon 2020, the period coinciding with the COVID 19 lockdown phase in the Indian sub-continent.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NOVEL PGP ALGORITHM FOR ENCRYPTED GPS COMMUNICATION IN SMART CONTAINERS

The ability to check the location of both static and dynamic devices is improving increasingly with each passing day. To track locations of both static and dynamic machines, Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to exchange the location between the sender and the receiver. However, there are still challenges in the sage and secure transmission and reception of GPS location. The most common challenge is spoofing attacks data. This paper proposes the implementation of a Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption algorithm to ensure the safety of GPS packets shared across the communication channels. The GPS location is first encrypted and subsequently sent across a communication channel, which is strong encryption and cannot be decrypted by an unauthorized user.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SITUATION AT DIGHA COAST: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

West Bengal is a maritime state in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent with a coastal area of 10,158.22 sq. km. The coastal region consists of the Digha coast, which is noted for its tourism and fish landing activities. We highlight in this paper, a load of nitrate and phosphate during premonsoon in the aquatic phase of Digha for more than three decades (1984 – 2020) to observe the trend of these two variables, which are important components of sewage. A uniform increase in the concentrations of the nutrients is observed except in the years 2009 and 2020. A sudden peak observed for both the nutrients during 2009 may be attributed to Aila, a super cyclone that hit coastal West Bengal on 25th May 2009. The dip in the levels of nutrients during 2020, may be the effect of the COVID lockdown phase in the state during which all the tourism and fish landing activities were completely paralyzed.

MANGROVE ASSOCIATE BASED SHRIMP FEED: AN INNOVATION IN THE AQUACULTURE SECTOR

The traditional method of shrimp culture is a common practice in Indian Sundarbans which is done without any sound scientific back-up, proper feed, and water quality management. The shrimp farmers use a traditional feed of animal origin that often results in deterioration of water quality and disease outbreaks in cultured species. The present paper highlights the effect of the total replacement of animal ingredients in shrimp feed with floral ingredients on water quality and shrimp health. Weight gain, condition index, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, body pigmentation (astaxanthin level) were analyzed in shrimps along with pond water quality. Higher condition index (C.I.) values, survival rate, and gain in shrimp weight were observed in the experimental pond (E) compared to the control pond (C). Low FCR values were observed in the experimental pond than in the control pond. Astaxanthin values in shrimps of the experimental pond were also higher than the control pond which points towards Suaeda maritima as the source of carotenoid in the shrimp tissue.

AN INTRODUCTION TO RECTANGULAR BHATTACHARYYA’S CO-ORDINATES: A NEW CONCEPT

Co-ordinate geometry is a particular branch of mathematics where geometry is studied with the help of algebra. According to the concept of Bhattacharyya’s Co-ordinate System, plane co-ordinate geometry consists of Four Positive dimensions or axes. In four-dimensional co-ordinate geometry, the position of a point can be determined uniquely by two real positive numbers on a plane. Here, we shall discuss only the plane co-ordinate geometry consisting of four dimensions or axes. The author introduced four positive dimensions or axes to solve the problems with the help of ‘Rectangular Bhattacharyya’s Co-ordinate System’ instead of the Rectangular Cartesian Co-ordinate System. This is the new concept which has been developed by the author. The author determined not only the distance between two points but also the direction of the line segment between two points on the plane.

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE MICROBIAL LOAD OF MUD CRAB, SCYLLA SERRATA: A STUDY FROM SOUTH 24 PARGANAS DISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial load in the flesh and gills of the mud crab (Scylla serrata) collected from the Nagendra Bazar area in Diamond Harbour in South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. The period of collection coincided with the Pre-COVID-19 phase (June 2018 and June 2019) and the COVID lockdown phase (June 2020 and June 2021). It is observed that the total coliform loads in both muscle and gills are more in the pre-COVID phase compared to the COVID lockdown phase. ANOVA analysis also confirmed significant variations between years and body parts (muscle and gills) for both Total coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) (p < 0.01). The present study is of considerable importance as crabs are consumed by local people as well as exported in several foreign countries like China, Singapore, Japan, and the U.S.A.

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR NONLINEAR BURGER’S PROBLEM

The article contains the results of computational experiments for the non-homogeneous Burger’s problem and finding its solution by using the non-classical variational-Cole-Hopf transformation approach. On using exact linearization via Cole-Hopf transformation, as well as the application of the non-classical variational approach, then the non-homogeneous Burger’s problem has been solved. The solution which is obtained by this approach is in a compact form so that the original nonlinear solution is easy to be approximated. The accuracy of this method is dependent on the types of selected basis and its number.